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The rules of baseball are quite particular, but the regulations governing the shape of Major League Baseball (MLB) parks are surprisingly flexible. According to Section 2.01 of the MLB rule book, \"The distance from home base to the nearest fence, stand or other obstruction on fair territory shall be 250 feet or more. A distance of 320 feet or more along the foul lines, and 400 feet or more to center field is preferable.\" Preferable! That single word has allowed owners and architects to shape their outfields to take advantage of their environments and their teams' strengths, making each stadium distinct. Baseball fans recognize differences between, for example, Fenway Park in Boston and Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, and understand the advantages and disadvantages for players in each ballpark. Park design directly influences gameplay. Right-handed hitters tend to pull the ball to left field; lefties like to pull to right. Power hitters prefer pitches that break toward them, which are most often thrown by pitchers who have the opposite dominant hand as the batter.

Offering a fresh approach to the familiar concept of all-time baseball teams, this exhaustive work ranks more than 2,500 players by state of birth and includes both major league and Negro League athletes.Each chapter covers one state and opens with the all-time team, naming a top selection for each position followed by honorable mentions.

Children can be exposed to arsenic through play areas which may have contaminated fill material from historic land use. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the risk to children who play and/or spend time at baseball fields with soils shown to have arsenic above background levels. Arsenic in soils at the study sites located in Miami, FL, USA showed distinct distributions between infield, outfield, and areas adjacent to the fields. Using best estimates of exposure factors for children baseball scenarios, results show that non-cancer risks depend most heavily upon the age of the person and the arsenic exposure level. For extreme exposure scenarios evaluated in this study, children from 1 to 2 years were at highest risk for non-cancer effects (Hazard Quotient, HQ > 2.4), and risks were higher for children exhibiting pica (HQ > 9.7) which shows the importance of testing fill for land use where children may play. At the study sites, concentration levels of arsenic resulted in a range of computed cancer risks that differed by a factor of 10. In these sites, the child’s play position also affected risk. Outfield players, with a lifetime exposure to these arsenic levels, could have 10 times more increased chance of experiencing cancers associated with arsenic (i.e., lung, bladder, skin) in comparison to infielders. The distinct concentration distributions observed between these portions of the baseball fields emphasize the need to delineate contaminated areas in public property where citizens may spend more free time. This study also showed a need for more tools to improve the risk estimates for child play activities. For instance, more refined measurements of exposure factors for intake (e.g., inhalation rates under rigorous play activities, hand to mouth rates), exposure frequency (i.e., time spent in various activities) and other exposure factors (e.g., soil particulate emission rates at baseball play fields) can help pinpoint risk on baseball fields where arsenic levels may be a concern.

While nostalgic features are shown to be prevalent at modern baseball ballparks, research had yet to examine their impact on spectators. Therefore, the current study sought to investigate the impact of nostalgic features on sport spectator emotional and behavioral responses. A sample of578 Minor League Baseball spectators at two ballparks were surveyed to determine the impact of ballpark nostalgic features. Results showed the positive impact of nostalgia at the two ballparks with differences displayed according to setting. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided.

Increasingly high-tech tools are being used to evaluate youth baseball players. The question is can they outperform professional scouts?

Choreographer Larry Brantley and Ithaca Ballet dancers take you on a playful journey as he creates a unique ballet using the motif of Baseball to the music of William Boyce.