Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
15,742
result(s) for
"Baths."
Sort by:
3D Printing in Suspension Baths: Keeping the Promises of Bioprinting Afloat
Extrusion-based 3D printers have been adopted in pursuit of engineering functional tissues through 3D bioprinting. However, we are still a long way from the promise of fabricating constructs approaching the complexity and function of native tissues. A major challenge is presented by the competing requirements of biomimicry and manufacturability. This opinion article discusses 3D printing in suspension baths as a novel strategy capable of disrupting the current bioprinting landscape. Suspension baths provide a semisolid medium to print into, voiding many of the inherent flaws of printing onto a flat surface in air. We review the state-of-the-art of this approach and extrapolate toward future possibilities that this technology might bring, including the fabrication of vascularized tissue constructs.
3D printing in suspension media unlocks the full potential of extrusion-based 3D printers by providing a strategy for fabricating non–self-supporting structures from water-rich, low-viscosity bioinks.Biomimetic structures representative of native vascular channels have been printed in suspension media, demonstrating that both omnidirectional printing and printing in discrete arbitrary locations are possible with this printing strategy.Retention of a suspension medium following printing of embedded constructs is achievable through crosslinking. Suspension media are therefore able to double as a 3D cell culture substrate in which printed features such as vessels or cell populations can help with maturing of the engineered tissue.
Journal Article
No more water in the tub!
After filling the bathtub too full one night, William goes sailing through his apartment building floor by floor in his tub, collecting neighbors in his wake.
Book
Dynamical control of quantum heat engines using exceptional points
A quantum thermal machine is an open quantum system coupled to hot and cold thermal baths. Thus, its dynamics can be well understood using the concepts and tools from non-Hermitian quantum systems. A hallmark of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points where the eigenvalues of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian or a Liouvillian superoperator and their associated eigenvectors coalesce. Here, we report the experimental realization of a single-ion heat engine and demonstrate the effect of Liouvillian exceptional points on the dynamics and the performance of a quantum heat engine. Our experiments have revealed that operating the engine in the exact- and broken-phases, separated by a Liouvillian exceptional point, respectively during the isochoric heating and cooling strokes of an Otto cycle produces more work and output power and achieves higher efficiency than executing the Otto cycle completely in the exact phase where the system has an oscillatory dynamics and higher coherence. This result opens interesting possibilities for the control of quantum heat engines and will be of interest to other research areas that are concerned with the role of coherence and exceptional points in quantum processes and in work extraction by thermal machines.
Investigations of quantum thermal machines and Liouvillian exceptional points have rarely crossed each other. Here, the authors realize experimentally a quantum Otto engine using a single trapped ion, and show that crossing a Liouvillian exceptional point during the cycle increases the engine performance.
Journal Article
Bath time with Ariel
Shows the fun that Ariel has living in the water and demonstrates how children in the bath tub can have the same fun.
CHILDBOOK
Quantum engine efficiency bound beyond the second law of thermodynamics
According to the second law, the efficiency of cyclic heat engines is limited by the Carnot bound that is attained by engines that operate between two thermal baths under the reversibility condition whereby the total entropy does not increase. Quantum engines operating between a thermal and a squeezed-thermal bath have been shown to surpass this bound. Yet, their maximum efficiency cannot be determined by the reversibility condition, which may yield an unachievable efficiency bound above unity. Here we identify the fraction of the exchanged energy between a quantum system and a bath that necessarily causes an entropy change and derive an inequality for this change. This inequality reveals an efficiency bound for quantum engines energised by a non-thermal bath. This bound does not imply reversibility, unless the two baths are thermal. It cannot be solely deduced from the laws of thermodynamics.
Evaluating maximum conversion efficiency from heat to work using non-thermal baths can lead to meaningless results, when based only on the reversibility requirement. Here, the authors solve this problem by identifying the fraction of exchanged energy that necessarily causes a change in entropy.
Journal Article
Chlorhexidine versus routine bathing to prevent multidrug-resistant organisms and all-cause bloodstream infections in general medical and surgical units (ABATE Infection trial): a cluster-randomised trial
Universal skin and nasal decolonisation reduces multidrug-resistant pathogens and bloodstream infections in intensive care units. The effect of universal decolonisation on pathogens and infections in non-critical-care units is unknown. The aim of the ABATE Infection trial was to evaluate the use of chlorhexidine bathing in non-critical-care units, with an intervention similar to one that was found to reduce multidrug-resistant organisms and bacteraemia in intensive care units.
The ABATE Infection (active bathing to eliminate infection) trial was a cluster-randomised trial of 53 hospitals comparing routine bathing to decolonisation with universal chlorhexidine and targeted nasal mupirocin in non-critical-care units. The trial was done in hospitals affiliated with HCA Healthcare and consisted of a 12-month baseline period from March 1, 2013, to Feb 28, 2014, a 2-month phase-in period from April 1, 2014, to May 31, 2014, and a 21-month intervention period from June 1, 2014, to Feb 29, 2016. Hospitals were randomised and their participating non-critical-care units assigned to either routine care or daily chlorhexidine bathing for all patients plus mupirocin for known methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers. The primary outcome was MRSA or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus clinical cultures attributed to participating units, measured in the unadjusted, intention-to-treat population as the HR for the intervention period versus the baseline period in the decolonisation group versus the HR in the routine care group. Proportional hazards models assessed differences in outcome reductions across groups, accounting for clustering within hospitals. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02063867.
There were 189 081 patients in the baseline period and 339 902 patients (156 889 patients in the routine care group and 183 013 patients in the decolonisation group) in the intervention period across 194 non-critical-care units in 53 hospitals. For the primary outcome of unit-attributable MRSA-positive or VRE-positive clinical cultures (figure 2), the HR for the intervention period versus the baseline period was 0·79 (0·73–0·87) in the decolonisation group versus 0·87 (95% CI 0·79–0·95) in the routine care group. No difference was seen in the relative HRs (p=0·17). There were 25 (<1%) adverse events, all involving chlorhexidine, among 183 013 patients in units assigned to chlorhexidine, and none were reported for mupirocin.
Decolonisation with universal chlorhexidine bathing and targeted mupirocin for MRSA carriers did not significantly reduce multidrug-resistant organisms in non-critical-care patients.
National Institutes of Health.
Journal Article
Pirates don't take baths
A young pig tries to avoid taking a bath by claiming to be a variety of characters, from an astronaut to an Eskimo, as his mother tries to lure him into the tub.
Book
Health Professionals’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Neonatal Bathing and Factors Affecting Them: A Cross‐Sectional Study
In pediatrics, the knowledge and approach of health professionals in bathing, which are one of the first care of the newborn, are important in the initiation and continuation of care by transferring it to parents. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and influencing factors of health professionals about newborn bathing. This descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted with 140 health professionals working in neonatology between March and June 2023. Data were collected and analyzed using the “Participant description form” and “Knowledge and Attitudes Form on Newborn Bathing.” Since there is no equivalent measurement tool in the literature, the Knowledge and Attitude Form on Newborn Bathing was designed and submitted for expert assessment. A final version with 21 items questioning knowledge (15 items) and attitude (6 items) was completed. The cutoff point in the form was determined as the correct response of 16 items (12 items or more for the knowledge and 4 items or more for the attitude section). Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed on the data. Significance was evaluated at 95% confidence interval. A total of 140 health professionals with a mean age of 31.4 years participated in the study. The first bath of the newborn was reported to be a wipe/sponge bath with 80% and 68.6% reported that the first bath should be with water only. About 70% reported that there were clues indicating that the newborn was ready for bathing and the first clues were absorption of vernix caseosa (22.6%) and umbilical cord shedding (11.9%). According to the answers of the Knowledge and Attitudes Form on Newborn Bathing, 74.3% of the participants had sufficient knowledge about bathing. A statistically significant difference was found between gender, occupation, education, institution, clinic, working time, and knowledge adequacy ( p < 0.05). Although bathing seems harmless, it is ill‐advised when it comes to newborns. The study determined that health professionals possess sufficient knowledge about newborn bathing. We recommend studies be conducted on how health professionals transfer their knowledge to mothers with new babies and how mothers apply their instructions and advice.
Journal Article