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Automotive battery technology
The use of electrochemical energy storage systems in automotive applications also involves new requirements for modeling these systems, especially in terms of model depth and model quality. Currently, mainly simple application-oriented models are used to describe the physical behavior of batteries. This book provides a step beyond of state-of-the-art modeling showing various different approaches covering following aspects: system safety, misuse behavior (crash, thermal runaway), battery state estimation and electrochemical modeling with the needed analysis (pre/post mortem).
Book
Recent Advance in Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Electrolytes for Rechargeable Metal‐Ion Batteries
From basic research to industry process, battery energy storage systems have played a great role in the informatization, mobility, and intellectualization of modern human society. Some potential systems such as Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, and Al secondary batteries have attracted much attention to maintain social progress and sustainable development. As one of the components in batteries, electrolytes play an important role in the upgrade and breakthrough of battery technology. Since room‐temperature ionic liquids (ILs) feature high conductivity, nonflammability, nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and wide electrochemical window, they have been widely applied in various battery systems and show great potential in improving battery stability, kinetics performance, energy density, service life, and safety. Thus, it is a right time to summarize these progresses. In this review, the composition and classification of various ILs and their recent applications as electrolytes in diverse metal‐ion batteries (Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al) are outlined to enhance the battery performances.
This manuscript reviews the classification of ionic liquids, and their potential application as electrolytes in metal‐ion batteries (Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al). Their merits of nonflammable property, thermal stability, and high safety suggest that they could be a promising solution to realize high safety and high energy density for next generational battery systems.
Journal Article
Porous anhydrous CuF.sub.2 with a micro-nano-hierarchical structure as high-performance cathode material for Li-ion battery
In this paper, anhydrous porous CuF.sub.2 with a micro-nano-hierarchical structure has been successfully fabricated via a precipitation method and a following solid-state reaction process. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N.sub.2 adsorption-desorption isotherms results confirm that the prepared porous CuF.sub.2 bulks are composed of loosely packed nanoparticles with a size range mainly between 30 and 50 nm, forming a micro-nano-hierarchical structure and possessing a large specific Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 24.93 m.sup.2 g.sup.-1. The porous CuF.sub.2 exhibits an outstanding initial discharge capability of 523 mAh g.sup.-1 at 0.1C and a superior rate capacity of 403 mAh g.sup.-1 at 5C with a cutoff voltage of 1.5 V versus Li/Li.sup.+. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique results verify porous structure can decrease the charge transfer resistance and boost the Li.sup.+ diffusion coefficient in CuF.sub.2. The method proposed in this work could be potentially used to synthesize other metal fluorides for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
Journal Article
The handbook of lithium-ion battery pack design : chemistry, components, types and terminology
'The Handbook of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Design' offers to the reader a clear and concise explanation of how Li-ion batteries are designed from the perspective of a manager, sales person, product manager or entry level engineer who is not already an expert in Li-ion battery design. It will offer a layman's explanation of the history of vehicle electrification, what the various terminology means, and how to do some simple calculations that can be used in determining basic battery sizing, capacity, voltage and energy. By the end of this book the reader has a solid understanding of all of the terminology around Li-ion batteries and is able to do some simple battery calculations.
Book
Rechargeable nickel–3D zinc batteries
The next generation of high-performance batteries should include alternative chemistries that are inherently safer to operate than nonaqueous lithium-based batteries. Aqueous zinc-based batteries can answer that challenge because monolithic zinc sponge anodes can be cycled in nickel–zinc alkaline cells hundreds to thousands of times without undergoing passivation or macroscale dendrite formation. We demonstrate that the three-dimensional (3D) zinc form-factor elevates the performance of nickel–zinc alkaline cells in three fields of use: (i) >90% theoretical depth of discharge (DODZn) in primary (single-use) cells, (ii) >100 high-rate cycles at 40% DODZn at lithium-ion–commensurate specific energy, and (iii) the tens of thousands of power-demanding duty cycles required for start-stop microhybrid vehicles.
Journal Article
Synergistically Boosting Li Storage Performance of MnWOsub.4 Nanorods Anode via Carbon Coating and Additives
Polyanionic structures, (MO[sub.4])[sup.n−] [sub.,] can be beneficial to the transport of lithium ions by virtue of the open three-dimensional frame structure. However, an unstable interface suppresses the life of the (MO[sub.4])[sup.n−]-based anode. In this study, MnWO[sub.4]@C nanorods with dense nanocavities have been synthesized through a hydrothermal route, followed by a chemical deposition method. As a result, the MnWO[sub.4]@C anode exhibits better cycle and rate performance than MnWO[sub.4] as a Li-ion battery; the capacity is maintained at 718 mAh g[sup.−1] at 1000 mA g[sup.−1] after 400 cycles because the transport of lithium ions and the contribution of pseudo-capacitance are increased. Generally, benefiting from the carbon shell and electrolyte additive (e.g., FEC), the cycle performance of the MnWO[sub.4]@C electrode is also effectively improved for lithium storage.
Journal Article
Multifunctional Hollow Porous Fesub.3Osub.4@N-C Nanocomposites as Anodes of Lithium-Ion Battery, Adsorbents and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates
At present, it is still a challenge to prepare multifunctional composite nanomaterials with simple composition and favorable structure. Here, multifunctional Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) nanocomposites with hollow porous core-shell structure and significant electrochemical, adsorption and sensing performances were successfully synthesized through the hydrothermal method, polymer coating, then thermal annealing process in nitrogen (N[sub.2]) and lastly etching in hydrochloric acid (HCl). The morphologies and properties of the as-obtained Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@N-C nanocomposites were markedly affected by the etching time of HCl. When the Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@N-C nanocomposites after etching for 30 min (Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@N-C-3) were applied as the anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the invertible capacity could reach 1772 mA h g[sup.−1] after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.2 A g[sup.−1], which is much better than that of Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@N-C nanocomposites etched, respectively, for 15 min and 45 min (948 mA h g[sup.−1] and 1127 mA h g[sup.−1]). Additionally, the hollow porous Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@N-C-3 nanocomposites also exhibited superior rate capacity (950 mA h g[sup.−1] at 0.6 A g[sup.−1]). The excellent electrochemical properties of Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@N-C nanocomposites are attributed to their distinctive hollow porous core-shell structure and appropriate N-doped carbon coating, which could provide high-efficiency transmission channels for ions/electrons, improve the structural stability and accommodate the volume variation in the repeated Li insertion/extraction procedure. In addition, the Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@N-C nanocomposites etched by HCl for different lengths of time, especially Fe[sub.3]O[sub.4]@N-C-3 nanocomposites, also show good performance as adsorbents for the removal of the organic dye (methyl orange, MO) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for the determination of a pesticide (thiram). This work provides reference for the design and preparation of multifunctional materials with peculiar pore structure and uncomplicated composition.
Journal Article