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Electric vehicles (EVs) are universally recognized as an incredibly effective method of lowering gas emissions and dependence on oil for transportation. Electricity, rather than more traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel, is used as the main source of energy to recharge the batteries in EVs. Future oil demand should decline as a result of the predicted rise in the number of EVs on the road. The charging infrastructure is considered as a key element of EV technology where the recent research is mostly focused. A strong charging infrastructure that serves both urban and rural areas, especially those with an unstable or nonexistent electrical supply, is essential in promoting the global adoption of EVs. Followed by different EV structures such as fuel-cell- and battery-integrated EVs, the charging infrastructures are thoroughly reviewed in three modes, specifically—off-grid (standalone), grid-connected, and hybrid modes (capable of both standalone and grid-connected operations). It will be interesting for the readers to understand in detail several energy-source-based charging systems and the usage of charging stations for different power levels. Towards the improvement of the lifetime and efficiency of EVs, charging methods and charging stations in integration with microgrid architectures are thoroughly investigated. EVs are a multi-energy system, which requires effective power management and control to optimize energy utilization. This review article also includes an evaluation of several power management and control strategies followed by the impact assessment of EVs on the utility grid. The findings and the future research directions provided in this review article will be extremely beneficial for EV operators and research engineers.

The paper deals with a grid-connected single-phase battery charger integrated with photovoltaic generators (PVGs). The circuit topology consists of a multilevel architecture based on a Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) rectifier. Its main task is to charge the batteries, primarily from the PVGs, by also assuring to keep their state-of-charge (SOC) balanced. Nevertheless, when the battery SOC overcomes a predefined upper limit, beyond which the charging process could be interrupted, the available PV power can no longer be transferred to the batteries. Therefore, to avoid an undesired curtailment of PV power production, this latter can be supplied to the grid by inverting the system operation. The paper shows how to achieve this result by implementing a dedicated control action based on a multi-step procedure. Numerical investigations are carried out on a 19-level CHB converter implemented in the PLECS environment to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control technique.

There is a global trend to reduce emissions from cars through the adoption of other alternatives, such as electric vehicles (EVs). The increasing popularity of EVs has led to a growing demand for electric vehicle chargers. EV chargers are essential for charging the batteries of EVs. Since the EV charger stays connected to the grid for long periods of time to charge the EV battery, it must be able to handle disturbances in the power grid. The goal of this paper is to present an overview of the impact of grid events on EV battery chargers. As well as the impact of grid unbalances on EV chargers, this paper also provides an overview of the impact of grid faults on other, similar power electronics interfaced resources such as PV and energy storage systems.

The lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery has a high demand because of its long cycle, reliability, high energy density, low toxic, low self-discharge rate, high power density, and high efficiency. However, lithium-ion batteries have sensitivity to over-charge, temperature, and charge discharge currents. The conventional battery charging system takes a very long time to charge which makes the battery temperature high. Therefore, a charger system that can maximize charging capacity, shorten charging time, and extend battery life is needed. In this study, a battery charging system was developed using the constant current–fuzzy (CC-fuzzy) control method. The aim is to get faster charging time and maintain battery life by limiting the battery charging temperature. The proposed charger system is dual mode which can be operated in both buck and boost mode. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is superior compared to the constant current constant voltage (CCCV) method in charging time. The CC-fuzzy method charging time is faster compared to the CCCV method by 25% and 12.5% in buck and boost modes, respectively. Whereas from the battery temperature, in buck mode, the proposed method has a lower temperature by 0.5 ⁰C and in the boost mode, each method has the same temperature.

The extensive use of electric vehicles (EVs) can reduce concerns about climate change and fossil fuel shortages. One of the main obstacles to accepting EVs is the limitation of charging stations, which consists of high-charge batteries and high-energy charging infrastructure. A new transformer-less topology for boost dc-dc converters with higher power density and lower switch stress is proposed in this paper, which may be a suitable candidate for high-power fast-charging battery chargers of EVs. Throughout this paper, two operating modes of the proposed converter, continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous current mode (DCM), are analyzed in detail. Additionally, critical inductances and design considerations for the proposed converter are calculated. Finally, real-time verifications based on hardware-in-loop (HiL) simulation are carried out to assess the correctness of the proposed theoretical concepts.

A new universal front-end PFC rectifier topology of a battery charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is proposed, which allows fast charging at rated and/or full power level in case of 3-phase (Europe) as well as 1-phase (USA) mains supply. In this regard, a conventional 3-phase PFC rectifier would facilitate only one-third of the rated power in case of 1-phase operation. The new topology is based on a two-level six-switch (2LB6) 3-phase boost-type PFC rectifier, which is extended with a diode bridge-leg and additional windings of the Common-Mode (CM) chokes of the EMI filter. Besides this extension of the power circuit, the general design of the new converter is explained, and the generated Differential Mode (DM) and Common Mode (CM) EMI disturbances are investigated for 3-phase and 1-phase operation, resulting in guidelines for the EMI filter design. The EMI performance (CISPR 11 class-B QP) is experimentally verified for 1-phase and 3-phase operation at an output power of 4.5 kW, using a full-scale hardware prototype that implements the proposed extensions for a 2LB6 3-phase boost-type PFC rectifier and that is designed for output power levels of 22 kW and 19 kW in case of 3-phase and 1-phase operation, respectively. Compared to a conventional 2LB6 PFC rectifier, the volume of the extended system increases from 2.7 dm3 to 3.4 dm3, of which 0.5 dm3 is due to the additional dc-link capacitance for buffering the power pulsation with twice the mains frequency occurring for 1-phase operation.

Electric vehicles were introduced in the year of 1908, where they have larger battery for power supply. Now- a- days the technique for charging e-bikes is done either by using grid supply or solar power. This paper says about charging circuit for batteries which uses both solar power and power from the grid to charge the electric vehicles. The charging with solar helps to reduce the emission from power grid. Ever-increasing demand for fuel supply, rising fuel prices, and increased environmental awareness among masses are paving the way for electric vehicles (EVs). Although, in recent years EV market has seen an exponential growth, one of the major challenges faced by this automotive/vehicular market. Now the Indian government had ordered to Indian Vehicle Association to launch the electric vehicles with in 2023. But the charging of electric Batteries has taken more time, which compare to fossil fuel and gas. To overcome this issue use of turbo charger, to reduce the charging time as well as self charging by solar during running time is proposed. The charger uses the source from EB grid and solar as well as at parking time. The results proves that proposed work have reduced the charging time of the lithium ion battery compared to the conventional charging technique and all under controlled temperature raise.

Nowadays, the use of renewable energy is growing and becoming a positive trend in the world. Wind energy being one of them. In the last few years, small power range capacity below 100 kW, being an option especially for small areas with low wind speeds. The application of PMSG-based wind turbines is becoming widespread among researchers because it has many advantages including high efficiency and low maintenance. In this study, the application of pmsg-based wind turbines is used for battery charging with the CCCV method. The charger will be tested with varying wind conditions.

This paper proposes a control method for improving the dynamic characteristic of battery chargers for personal mobility devices (PMDs) using sliding mode control (SMC). Various types of PMDs have batteries with distinct voltages. Therefore, research on battery chargers for PMDs that can be applied to various types of PMD with distinct voltages has been actively pursued. In battery chargers for PMDs, the output voltage can usually be controlled by a proportional-integral (PI) controller. However, increasing the PI controller gain is necessary to enhance the dynamic characteristic of the output voltage. It results in an overshoot that adversely affects the stability of the battery charger. Therefore, in this paper, a control method using sliding mode control (SMC) is presented for improving the dynamic characteristic without overshoot in the output voltage of battery chargers for PMDs. The validity of the proposed control method is verified by the simulation and experimental results.

The operation of wireless battery chargers at multiple switching frequencies may lead to a noticeable suppression of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) at the cost of decreased efficiency (mainly at lower load resistances) and increased peak and root mean square values of currents of power components of the wireless battery charger. Moreover, the reduction in conducted EMI is only moderate (<8.3 dB). Therefore, a novel approach based on modified resonant circuits and a modified control technique to obtain better reduction in the conducted and radiated EMI without significantly compromising other performance characteristics of the wireless battery charger is proposed and validated by using simulations and experiments. It is shown in this paper that the wireless charger operating at multiple switching frequencies with the proposed approach for the performance improvement has a more effective implementation of the four-switching frequency spread-spectrum technique with better conducted and radiated EMI reduction at all load resistances, lower values of peak and RMS currents at all load resistances, and higher efficiency in constant current mode and in the beginning of constant voltage mode (at lower values of the load resistances) than that of the conventional wireless charger operating at multiple switching frequencies.