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"Beach erosion"
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Shoreline change analysis and erosion prediction using historical data of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
At the present time, coastal changes are having a major impact in many regions of the world. Relative sea-level rise would significantly contribute to physical changes in coastal cities. Predicting the magnitude of coastal changes such as erosion and land loss is essential for a better understanding of the impacts on environment and coastal communities, as well as for management, planning and protection in coastal areas. An increase in the rate of sea-level rise and range of potential impacts, including flood and coastal erosion, will likely affect the wide East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia and would cause serious disturbance for sandy beaches, particularly in Kuala Terengganu. This study attempts to predict the future erosion in the coastal area of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. The shoreline erosion as a result of sea-level rise was predicted using the Bruun Rule. This is the best known model that provides a rate of shoreline erosion under sea-level rise for sandy beaches. The result of Bruun Model is analysed and presented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Results indicate an upward trend in the future for erosion in this coastal area. The highest erosion rate is 3.20 m/year and the most sensitive zones are expected to be around Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) and left bank of Kuala Terengganu from 2015 to 2020. It also can provide the basic information that decision makers need when they are planning any new activity within the coastal area.
Journal Article
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Cross-Sectional Changes in Rigid and Flexible Submerged Vegetation on Beach Erosion Control
Lee, J.; Jeong, Y.-M.; Jeong, J., and Hur, D.-S., 2023. An experimental study on the effect of cross-sectional changes in rigid and flexible submerged vegetation on beach erosion control. In: Lee, J.L.; Lee, H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 643-647. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal erosion is a global problem that is difficult to solve, caused by phenomena such as rising sea levels and the influx of high waves. Structures such as groins and offshore breakwaters are primarily used to address these challenges, and research on several alternatives, such as beach drainage systems and vegetation, is increasing. In this study, a hydraulic experiment was conducted to investigate the reduction of beach erosion using submerged vegetation, and to analyze the effect of rigid and flexible submerged vegetation on beach profile changes. We applied density, width, and multirow arrangement conditions to each rigid and flexible vegetation to analyze the beach profile changes incurred by the variation in the cross-section of the vegetation zone. The results revealed that the amount of beach erosion decreased compared to the absence of vegetation. The beach erosion caused by the change in the cross-section of the vegetation zone showed a similar tendency in both vegetation types. The experimental results showed that beach erosion decreased as the density and width of both the rigid and flexible vegetation increased. No significant difference was observed in the amount of beach erosion according to the multirow arrangement conditions when the vegetation zone width was identical. The amount of beach erosion decreased by 15%–79% for rigid vegetation and 5%–85% for flexible vegetation compared to the absence of vegetation owing to the incident waves and cross-section conditions of the vegetation zone. Consequently, the implementation of rigid and flexible submerged vegetation is assumed to decrease the amount of beach erosion.
Journal Article
Beach Stabilization Effect of Asymmetric Ripple-Shaped Mat: A Numerical Study
Choi, J.G. and Cho, Y.J., 2023. Beach stabilization effect of an asymmetric ripple-shaped mat: A numerical study. In: Lee, J.L.; Lee, H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 628-632. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Structures deployed for beach stabilization should be designed such that these structures would not alter the year-long grand circulation process of sandy beaches over the course of which temporarily eroded beaches by harsh waves in rough sea are gradually restored. Nonetheless, massive structures such as LCB (Low-Crested Breakwater) are frequently deployed in coastal zone maintenance project run by the Korean Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries to mitigate beach erosions. In this rationale, the Asymmetric Ripple-shaped Mat (ARM) proposed by Irie et al. (1994) can be a viable alternative for beach stabilization due to its small size compared to the commonly used but inefficient massive LCB. The effectiveness of ARM depends on how effectively the eddies generated at the ARM's apex trap sand moving offshore during the run-down process. To test this hypothesis, the author conducted numerical simulations. The numerical results demonstrate that ARM effectively captures sediment through vortex shedding from its apex and returns it to the beach, which is considered the primary mechanism for ARM's beach stabilization effect.
Journal Article
Coastal Flooding and Erosion under a Changing Climate: Implications at a Low-Lying Coast (Ebro Delta)
Episodic coastal hazards associated to sea storms are responsible for sudden and intense changes in coastal morphology. Climate change and local anthropogenic activities such as river regulation and urban growth are raising risk levels in coastal hotspots, like low-lying areas of river deltas. This urges to revise present management strategies to guarantee their future sustainability, demanding a detailed diagnostic of the hazard evolution. In this paper, flooding and erosion under current and future conditions have been assessed at local scale at the urban area of Riumar, a touristic enclave placed at the Ebro Delta (Spain). Process-based models have been used to address the interaction between beach morphology and storm waves, as well as the influence of coastal environment complexity. Storm waves have been propagated with SWAN wave model and have provided the forcings for XBeach, a 2DH hydro-morphodynamic model. Results show that future trends in sea level rise and wave forcing produce non-linear variations of the flooded area and the volume of mobilized sediment resulting from marine storms. In particular, the balance between flooding and sediment transport will shift depending on the relative sea level. Wave induced flooding and long-shore sand transport seem to be diminished in the future, whereas static sea level flooding and cross-shore sediment transport are exacerbated. Therefore, the characterization of tipping points in the coastal response can help to develop robust and adaptive plans to manage climate change impact in sandy wave dominated coasts with a low-lying hinterland and a complex shoreline morphology.
Journal Article
Cost Comparison Between Hard and Soft Approaches Adapted as Preventive Methods of Beach Erosion
Yeon, Y.J. and Lee, J.L., 2021. Cost comparison between hard and soft approaches adapted as preventive methods of beach erosion. In: Lee, J.L.; Suh, K.-S.; Lee, B.; Shin, S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 519–523. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. To protect the properties behind a beach, submerged breakwater, which is a representative hard approach, or beach nourishment, which is a representative soft approach, has been performed. The submerged breakwater protects the facilities behind the beach by controlling waves to mitigate erosion. This study estimates the cost required to secure a buffer section for the wave inflow of 30-year return period using submerged breakwater and beach nourishment methods for Sokcho Beach (Sokcho-si, Gangwon-do), one of the coastal maintenance project areas, and conducts economic assessment of the two methods. For the submerged breakwater method, the construction cost was calculated using the shoreline observation data, which were observed four times a year for about 8 years. For the beach nourishment method, the construction cost was calculated using the sand loss half-life (shoreline retreat over time) considering that the nourished sands cannot be maintained. The result showed that beach nourishment could obtain a higher economic feasibility. By enhancing sand maintenance, beach nourishment was evaluated as more economical than the hard approach when the sand loss rate (k), which determines the half-life of beach nourishment, was lower than 0.167 yr–1. Furthermore, beach nourishment is highly evaluated because it is an eco-friendly construction method, and it will be more effective when combined with other soft approaches.
Journal Article
A Geomorphic Study on the Evolvement of Shore Protection Strategies in Italy: Application of MeePaSoL Software
Hsu, J.R.C. and Pranzini, E., 2023. A geomorphic study on the evolvement of shore protection strategies in Italy: Application of MeePaSoL software. In: Lee, J.L.; Lee, H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 608-612. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Beach erosion has occurred in Italy, especially after early coastal settlements and national railway built along the narrow coasts in the late19th century. Like many places in the world, eroding beaches in Italy have been protected by hard structures (revetments, seawalls, groins and detached breakwaters), using rocks, and in years after with soft options (beach nourishment, submerged groin extension and detached breakwaters) to guarantee a good tourist offer. Rocks, as the core material for all protective structures, are abundant on Italian peninsula and within a short haulage to the coast, and sediments from quarried and fluvial sources are initially available affordably. However in recent years, coastal designers in some regions are having much more confident with hard structures than beach nourishment, due to shortage of suitable sand sources and the increase in cost. In this paper, the evolvement of the shore protection strategies in Italy is described, unique schemes for protecting excessive long stretch of coasts are highlighted, and case studies including protection of Venice Lagoon are reported. Finally, MeePaSoL software, as a tool for geomorphic study, is applied to assess long-term shoreline stability for embayed beaches downdrift of harbors and between hard structures.
Journal Article
Prediction of Equilibrium Shoreline by Wave Environmental Change Using MeePaSoL Software
Lim, C., 2023. Prediction of equilibrium shoreline by wave environmental change using MeePaSoL Software. In: Lee, J.L.; Lee, H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 648-652. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Recently, coastal hazards are increasing around the world due to accelerated beach erosion overlapped with climate change. To reduce the risk on the beach, analyzing waves is primarily required because beach composed of sediment continuously respond to the incidence of wave energy. The equilibrium shoreline is reshaped according to the predominant wave direction. The parabolic bay shape equation, which is mainly cited in coastal engineering, also gives different results for the equilibrium shoreline depending on the predominant wave direction. On the other hand, wave height affects the retreat of the equilibrium shoreline. An approximation formula for peak erosion width indicates that not only peak wave height but also mean wave height affect shoreline retreat. In this study, wave environmental changes from the past to the present are analyzed using hindcast data for more than 40 years provided by NOAA. In addition, the future wave environment is estimated from the analyzed change trend. Finally, the equilibrium shoreline is predicted considering the remodeling and retreat of the shoreline according to the analyzed wave environments using MeePaSoL software. This study is expected to be helpful in preliminarily examining beach erosions due to wave environmental changes.
Journal Article