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"Beads."
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Improvement strategy for the geometric accuracy of bead’s beginning and end parts in wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
Cold metal transfer (CMT)-based wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising method for the production of large-scale and complex metallic parts because of its high efficiency, less heat input and low cost. However, a critical and common problem with the arc welding processes is the irregular geometry at the beginning and end parts of the bead due to the ignition and extinction of the arc. Based on experimental investigations of the irregularities and different possible optimization methods, an improvement strategy consisting of configurations with a varying travel speed and an extra return path is presented in this paper. Experimental results show that this strategy can effectively enhance the geometric accuracy at the beginning and end parts of different single beads. In the manufacturing of a thin-wall part and a multi-pass cladding, the improvement of geometric accuracy has also been achieved by this strategy.
Journal Article
Heterogeneous photoredox flow chemistry for the scalable organosynthesis of fine chemicals
Large-scale photochemical synthesis of high value chemicals under mild conditions is an ideal method of green chemical production. However, a scalable photocatalytic process has been barely reported due to the costly preparation, low stability of photosensitizers and critical reaction conditions required for classical photocatalysts. Here, we report the merging of flow chemistry with heterogeneous photoredox catalysis for the facile production of high value compounds in a continuous flow reactor with visible light at room temperature in air. In the flow reactor system, polymeric carbon nitrides, which are cheap, sustainable and stable heterogeneous photocatalysts, are immobilized onto glass beads and fibers, demonstrating a highly flexible construction possibility for devices of the photocatalytic materials. As an example of the production of high value chemicals, important chemical structures such as cyclobutanes, which are basic building blocks for many pharmaceutical compounds, like magnosalin, are synthesized in flow with high catalytic efficiency and stability.
Large-scale photochemical synthesis of high value chemicals is an ideal method of green chemical production. Here, the authors show the merging of heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis with flow chemistry for the scalable organosynthesis of fine chemicals in a continuous flow reactor.
Journal Article
Kids craft with beads!
Introduces readers to the creative crafts they can make with beads. Projects include bead holiday decorations and a bowl made of multicolored beads. Readers will also learn how to make their very own unique bead jewelry. Each project includes a list of materials needed to complete the project, while step-by-step directions provide clear and helpful guidance. Pictures and illustrations allow readers to visualize each step in the bead project process. All you need are beads and an imagination to bring these creative crafts to life.
Book
Recent Trends and Innovations in Bead-Based Biosensors for Cancer Detection
Demand is strong for sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic tools for cancer detection. Accordingly, bead-based biosensors have emerged in recent years as promising diagnostic platforms based on wide-ranging cancer biomarkers owing to the versatility, high sensitivity, and flexibility to perform the multiplexing of beads. This comprehensive review highlights recent trends and innovations in the development of bead-based biosensors for cancer-biomarker detection. We introduce various types of bead-based biosensors such as optical, electrochemical, and magnetic biosensors, along with their respective advantages and limitations. Moreover, the review summarizes the latest advancements, including fabrication techniques, signal-amplification strategies, and integration with microfluidics and nanotechnology. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives in the field of bead-based biosensors for cancer-biomarker detection are discussed. Understanding these innovations in bead-based biosensors can greatly contribute to improvements in cancer diagnostics, thereby facilitating early detection and personalized treatments.
Journal Article
Ostrich eggshell bead strontium isotopes reveal persistent macroscale social networking across late Quaternary southern Africa
Hunter-gatherer exchange networks dampen subsistence and reproductive risks by building relationships of mutual support outside local groups that are underwritten by symbolic gift exchange. Hxaro, the system of delayed reciprocity between Ju/’hoãn individuals in southern Africa’s Kalahari Desert, is the best-known such example and the basis for most analogies and models of hunter-gatherer exchange in prehistory. However, its antiquity, drivers, and development remain unclear, as they do for long-distance exchanges among African foragers more broadly. Here we show through strontium isotope analyses of ostrich eggshell beads from highland Lesotho, and associated strontium isoscape development, that such practices stretch back into the late Middle Stone Age. We argue that these exchange items originated beyond the macroband from groups occupying the more water-stressed subcontinental interior. Tracking the emergence and persistence of macroscale, transbiome social networks helps illuminate the evolution of social strategies needed to thrive in stochastic environments, strategies that in our case study show persistence over more than 33,000 y.
Journal Article
Flora ad infinitum : Blühende Perlenkunst in Venedig und der Welt = Fiori di perline a Venezia e nel mondo
Glasperlen können auf Drähte aufgefädelt und zu Blumen geformt werden - ein historisches Kunsthandwerk, das in Venedig und dem berühmten Muranoglas beheimatet ist. In dem reich bebilderten Buch erzählt Georg Ragnar Levi die faszinierende Geschichte, wie es dazu kam, dass Perlenblumen geliebt und verachtet und irgendwann in der Geschichte sogar verboten wurden. Sogenannte Französische Perlenblumen wurden zu Hause, in Klöstern, Gefängnissen und Werkstätten hergestellt und bei Taufen, Hochzeiten und Beerdigungen zu ornamentalen und symbolischen Zwecken verwendet. Der Leser wird durch Historie, Techniken, Materialien und die persönlichen Geschichten hinter diesem Handwerk geführt. Levi zeigt, wie die Nachfrage nach Kränzen und Sträussen im frühen 20. Jh. zum Broterwerb vieler Familien in Europa wurde und die Glashütten von Murano und Böhmen aufblühen liess.
Book
Antibiotic‐Loaded Calcium Sulphate Beads in Wound Management: A Scoping Review of Emerging Applications in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Calcium sulphate (CS) is a fully synthetic, sterile, bioabsorbable biomaterial extensively applied for the management of infected tissues and postoperative dead spaces resulting from surgical interventions. Residual DS may facilitate hematoma accumulation and bacterial colonisation, thereby heightening the risk of surgical‐site infections. Within orthopaedic surgery, CS has been predominantly evaluated as a bone‐void filler and an off‐label antibiotic delivery vehicle—particularly in arthroplasty revisions, chronic osteomyelitis, and open fractures—yielding high rates of infection prophylaxis, bone regeneration, and low complication profiles. Commercially available as injectable ‘pearls’ or beads, CS permits local, sustained antibiotic elution while undergoing gradual biodegradation, thus obviating the need for secondary removal procedures. Over the last decade, Calcium Sulphate beads (CSBs) have transcended orthopaedics, gaining traction across general, vascular, and endocrine surgery disciplines for the prevention and treatment of complex wound infections. However, their application in plastic and reconstructive surgery remains underreported, despite the specialty's frequent engagement with complex soft‐tissue defects, bone exposure, suture dehiscence, and trauma‐related wounds vulnerable to infection. To our knowledge, this represents the first scoping review synthesising current evidence, clinical indications, and emerging roles of CSBs within plastic and reconstructive surgery. Highlights Antibiotic‐loaded calcium sulfate beads are a fully resorbable biomaterial enabling high local antibiotic concentrations. Although well established in orthopaedics, their application in plastic and reconstructive surgery is emerging, with promising results in complex infected wounds and dead space management. This study represents the first comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on their use in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Further prospective and randomized studies are required to define indications, optimize antibiotic strategies, and evaluate their impact on infection‐related morbidity and systemic antibiotic reduction.
Journal Article