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Adolescents with Internet addiction (IA) frequently encounter elevated levels of anxiety and depression, which subsequently results in the perpetuation of their addiction behaviors. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children (MBCT-C) is an adapted version of traditional MBCT that targets emotional problems in children. The present study aimed to provide a framework for the implementation of a clinical trial for its effectiveness in reducing anxiety, depression, and IA in adolescents with IA. This study protocol proposes a randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms (MBCT-C versus active control). Eighty Iranian adolescents (Persian ethnicity; males and females; 12 to 15 years) diagnosed with IA will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (12 sessions of MBCT-C group therapy) or the control group (12 life skills training sessions). Pre-intervention, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up assessments will be conducted using Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Adolescents (MAAS-A), Mindfulness Program Satisfaction Questioner (MPSQ), Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Children (STAI-C), MBCT-C Adherence Scale (MBCT-C-AS), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Data will be analyzed using mixed regression model using STATA-18 to assess the effectiveness of MBCT-C. The current study has the potential to make a significant contribution to evaluate the effectiveness of MBCT-C to address IA, anxiety, and depression in adolescents with IA.

\"Internet addiction is an emergent disorder in the psychiatric and psychological fields. This book provides a theoretical framework to understand how to define and conceptualize compulsive use of the Internet from a clinical perspective. With various theoretical models from the psychiatric, psychological, communication, and sociological fields, it explores the prevalence of the disorder and the most addictive or problematic online applications, such as online pornography, Internet gambling, and online games. Evidenced-based treatment approaches are provided as well. A must-have for every clinician\"--Provided by publisher.

Mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan (MTCC) have been shown to contribute to improvements in cognitive and executive functions. Changes in inhibition, an aspect of executive function, have been closely linked to mobile phone addiction. However, the relationship between these elements remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of an 8-week MTCC intervention on executive function, mindfulness levels, and mobile phone addiction in male college students. Additionally, the study explores the role of executive function in improving mobile phone addiction through MTCC interventions. Sixty-six male college students were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into a control group (33) and an experimental group (33). The control group maintained their normal physical activity levels without any additional intervention. In contrast, the experimental group underwent 8 weeks of MTCC training. Mindfulness levels were assessed using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), while mobile phone addiction was evaluated by the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI). The Flanker task, 1-back task, and More-Odd Shifting task were employed to evaluate inhibition, updating, and shifting aspects of executive function, respectively. (1) The 8-week MTCC intervention significantly improved mobile phone addiction among male college students, with the intervention group showing a lower post-intervention MPAI score (46.09 ± 18.11) compared to the control group (56.55 ± 16.02), yielding a mean difference of -10.46 (95% CI: -18.92 to -1.99, p = 0.016). Mindfulness levels also improved significantly (p = 0.046), as did specific sub-functions of executive function: inhibition correct rate (p < 0.001), inhibition response (p = 0.001), and shifting correct rate (p = 0.001). No significant effects were observed for updating correct rate (p = 0.527) or updating response (p = 0.303). (2) Mobile phone addiction indices were significantly correlated with changes in inhibition response (r = 0.756, p = 0.000 < 0.01), updating response (r = 0.035, p = 0.045 < 0.05), and shifting response (r = 0.397, p = 0.022 < 0.05). (3) Mindfulness levels and inhibition levels were significantly correlated (r = 0.394, p = 0.023 < 0.05). (4) Changes in inhibition within executive functions partially mediated the improvement of mobile phone addiction, with the direct effect (0.716) and mediating effect (0.483) accounting for 59.72% and 40.28% of the total effect (1.199), respectively. MTCC exercises significantly increase cognitive functions, leading to increased inhibition and attentiveness, and may be helpful in the prevention of addictions, including cell phone addictions.

Several treatment-related challenges exist for gambling disorder, in particular at-scale dissemination in health care settings. This study describes the introduction of a newly developed internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program for gambling disorder (GD), provided with therapist support in routine addiction care, in a nationally recruited sample in Sweden. The study details the introduction of the iCBT program, evaluates its effectiveness and acceptability, and compares registry outcomes among iCBT patients with other patients with GD at the clinic who received face-to-face psychological treatment as usual. The study site was the Stockholm Addiction eClinic, which offers digital interventions for addictive disorders in routine care. The iCBT program was introduced nationally for treatment-seeking patients through the Swedish eHealth platform. After approximately 2 years of routine treatment provision, we conducted a registry study, including ordinary patients in routine digital care (n=218), and a reference sample receiving face-to-face psychological treatment for GD (n=216). A statistically significant reduction in the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale scores during the treatment was observed (B=-1.33, SE=0.17, P<.001), corresponding to a large within-group Cohen d effect size of d=1.39. The iCBT program was rated high for satisfaction. A registry-based survival analysis, controlling for psychiatric comorbidity, showed that patients receiving iCBT exhibited posttreatment outcomes (re-engagement in outpatient addiction care, receiving new psychiatric prescriptions, enrollment in psychiatric inpatient care, and care events indicative of contact with social services) similar to comparable patients who underwent face-to-face treatment-as-usual. A lack of randomized allocation notwithstanding, the iCBT program for GD evaluated in this study was well-received by patients in routine addiction care, was associated with the expected symptom decrease during treatment, and appears to result in posttreatment registry outcomes similar to face-to-face treatment. Future studies on treatment mechanisms and moderators are warranted. RR2-10.1186/s40814-020-00647-5.

Objective Mobile phone addiction has become increasingly severe among college students, adversely affecting their physical and mental health as well as academic performance. Although physical activity (PA) interventions have been shown to alleviate mobile phone addiction, existing research mostly focuses on single-form exercises and lacks in-depth exploration of underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of a combined intervention involving badminton and fancy rope skipping on improving mobile phone addiction in college students, and further analyze the chain mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies and positive coping styles. Methods This study adopted a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. A cohort of 195 college students meeting DSM-V diagnostic criteria for mobile phone addiction were enrolled and randomly allocated to one of three groups: a combined intervention group ( n  = 74), a badminton intervention group ( n  = 62), and a control group ( n  = 59). The intervention groups engaged in a 12-week exercise program, 5 sessions per week, each lasting 45 min, while the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. The Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI; Leung) was used to assess mobile phone addiction levels before and after the intervention, while the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ; Yaning Xie) were used to measure emotion regulation strategies and positive coping styles, respectively. SPSS 27.0 software was utilized to conduct one - way ANOVA, chi - square tests, simple effect analysis, etc. The PROCESS 4.2 macro program was employed to perform chain mediation effect analysis of emotion regulation strategies and positive coping styles. The statistical significance level was set at P  ≤ 0.05. Results The combined intervention group showed significant improvements ( P  < 0.05) in all dimensions of mobile phone addiction—withdrawal, loss of control, inefficiency, and escapism—as well as in total scores, outperforming both the badminton-only and control groups. Emotion regulation strategies and positive coping styles were found to play partial chain mediating roles in the relationship between PA intervention and improvements in mobile phone addiction. The total indirect effect (0.689) accounted for 77.94% of the total effect (0.884). Path analysis further revealed that the intervention indirectly reduced addictive behaviors by first improving emotion regulation strategies, followed by enhancing positive coping. Conclusion Compared with single-form exercise, combined PA is more effective in alleviating mobile phone addiction among college students, primarily through the chain mediating effects of improved emotion regulation strategies and enhanced positive coping styles. It is recommended that universities and relevant institutions promote combined physical activities to help college students reduce mobile phone addiction and improve their overall well - being.

Research suggests that mindfulness-practices may aid smoking cessation. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of mindfulness-practices on smoking are unclear. Response inhibition is a main deficit in addiction, is associated with relapse, and could therefore be a candidate target for mindfulness-based practices. The current study hence investigated the effects of a brief mindfulness-practice on response inhibition in smokers using behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) measures. Fifty participants (33 females, mean age 20 years old) underwent a protocol of cigarette exposure to induce craving (cue-exposure) and were then randomly assigned to a group receiving mindfulness-instructions or control-instructions (for 15 minutes approximately). Immediately after this, they performed a smoking Go/NoGo task, while their brain activity was recorded. At the behavioral level, no group differences were observed. However, EEG analyses revealed a decrease in P3 amplitude during NoGo vs. Go trials in the mindfulness versus control group. The lower P3 amplitude might indicate less-effortful response inhibition after the mindfulness-practice, and suggest that enhanced response inhibition underlies observed positive effects of mindfulness on smoking behavior.

Objective. To investigate the effects of 12-week physical exercise (jogging, basketball, and outdoor training) on sleep quality, harmful mood, and heart rate variability (HRV) in college students with Internet addiction. Methods. 46 college students with Internet addiction were chosen and then randomly assigned to the Internet addiction group (IA, n=23) and the Internet addiction exercise group (IA+EX, n=23). The subjects in the IA+EX group underwent physical exercise for 12 weeks (three times per week), and the IA group did not perform regular physical exercise during the experiment. Then, the degree of Internet addiction, depression, and sleep quality were evaluated by using Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); HRV were measured by using Polar Team 2 before and after physical exercise intervention. Results. (1) After the 12-week exercise, compared to preexercise intervention, the scores of IAT, CES-D, and PSQI significantly decreased (t=12.183, 9.238, 5.660; P<0.01) in the IA+EX group; compared with the IA group, the scores of IAT, CES-D, and PSQI significantly decreased (t=2.449, 3.175, 4.487; P<0.05, P <0.01) in IA+EX group college students with Internet addiction. (2) After the 12-week exercise, compared to preexercise intervention, LFn and the ratio of LF/HF significantly decreased (t=5.650, 3.493; P<0.01) and HFn significantly increased (t=−2.491, P<0.05) in the IA+EX group; there were no significant differences in the above indexes before and after the experiment in the IA group (P>0.05). Compared with the IA group, HFn significantly increased (t=3.616, P<0.01) and the ratio of LF/HF significantly decreased (t=2.099, P<0.01) in IA+EX group college students with Internet addiction; there was no significant difference in LFn between the two groups. Conclusion. Long-term physical exercise could significantly reduce the degree of Internet addiction and depression, improve sleep quality, and balance sympathetic parasympathetic function of college students with Internet addiction, indicating that exercise-based intervention might be an effective way to alleviate or even eliminate Internet addiction.