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"Berries."
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MYBA and MYBPA transcription factors co-regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in blue-coloured berries
by
Karppinen, Katja
,
Lafferty, Declan J.
,
McGhie, Tony
in
Abscisic acid
,
acid treatment
,
anthocyanin
2021
• The regulatory network of R2R3 MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis is not fully understood in blue-coloured berries containing delphinidin compounds.
• We used blue berries of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) to comprehensively characterise flavonoid-regulating R2R3 MYBs, which revealed a new type of co-regulation in anthocyanin biosynthesis between members of MYBA-, MYBPA1- and MYBPA2-subgroups.
• VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 expression was elevated at berry ripening and by abscisic acid treatment. Additionally, VmMYBA1 and VmMYBPA1.1 expression was strongly downregulated in a white berry mutant. Complementation and transient overexpression assays confirmed VmMYBA1 and VmMYBA2 to induce anthocyanin accumulation. Promoter activation assays showed that VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 had similar activity towards dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), but differential regulation activity for UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) promoters. Silencing of VmMYBPA1.1 in berries led to the downregulation of key anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis genes. Functional analyses of other MYBPA regulators, and a member of novel MYBPA3 subgroup, associated them with proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and F3′5′H expression.
• The existence of 18 flavonoid-regulating MYBs indicated gene duplication, which may have enabled functional diversification among MYBA, MYBPA1 and MYBPA2 subgroups. Our results provide new insights into the intricate regulation of the complex anthocyanin profile found in blue-coloured berries involving regulation of both cyanidin and delphinidin branches.
Journal Article
Fabulous fruits : recipes for every season
by
Mitcham-Stoeckley, Karen author
,
Dennison, Curt, photographer
in
Fruit-culture
,
Fruit
,
Berries
2015
\"Delicious fruits that tantalize the palate all summer long and that can be canned, dried or frozen to remind us of those hot summer days are the object of this book. All the recipes can be accomplished by the home cook with minimal cooking knowledge. The range of recipes go from more upscale cuisine to good country cooking that our grandmothers and mothers (and even grandfathers and fathers) placed on our family table for generations.\"--Jacket.
Lemons are a girl's best friend
\"[This book] is a handy, pocket-sized guide to thirty superfoods, each with two simple recipes--one to eat and one to use as a beauty treatment, complete with notes about each food's benefits and best uses\"--Amazon.com.
50 Years Ago/100 Years Ago
in
Berries
2011
Collecting the pigment from raw, reddish berries in sufficient amounts for identification was found to be too laborious a task.
Journal Article
THE BACK PAGE
by
Hart, David Bentley
in
Berries
2014
[...]beauty too-those ruby lips, those glistening sable locks, those shining eyes, that flawless skin, that curvaceous figure .. Every day I brought her tokens of my devotion, like the guileless boy I was: all the choicest flowers of Platonic contemplation, blossoms of Pythagorean mysticism, bouquets of visionary idealism, little punnets of berries-not ordinary, ephemeral, seasonal berries either, but the finest, rarest, eternal hyperouranian berries, gleaming, unique, and imperishable. Go back to the beginning, recapture the magic of that first thrill of love she woke in you. Speak to her again in the lilting, halting, innocent language of myth, of genteel dialogue, of piercing poetic metaphor-of Platonism.
Journal Article
Wild berries = Pikaci-m هinisa
by
Flett, Julie, author, illustrator
in
Cree Indians Fiction.
,
Grandmothers Fiction.
,
Berries Fiction.
2013
Clarence and his grandmother pick wild blueberries and meet ant, spider, and fox in a beautiful woodland landscape.
Evaluation of Polyphenol Anthocyanin-Enriched Extracts of Blackberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry, Cranberry, Red Raspberry, and Strawberry for Free Radical Scavenging, Reactive Carbonyl Species Trapping, Anti-Glycation, Anti-β-Amyloid Aggregation, and Microglial Neuroprotective Effects
2018
Glycation is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where it potentiates the aggregation and toxicity of proteins such as β-amyloid (Aβ). Published studies support the anti-glycation and neuroprotective effects of several polyphenol-rich fruits, including berries, which are rich in anthocyanins. Herein, blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts were evaluated for: (1) total phenolic and anthocyanins contents, (2) free radical (DPPH) scavenging and reactive carbonyl species (methylglyoxal; MGO) trapping, (3) anti-glycation (using BSA-fructose and BSA-MGO models), (4) anti-Aβ aggregation (using thermal- and MGO-induced fibrillation models), and, (5) murine microglia (BV-2) neuroprotective properties. Berry crude extracts (CE) were fractionated to yield anthocyanins-free (ACF) and anthocyanins-enriched (ACE) extracts. The berry ACEs (at 100 μg/mL) showed superior free radical scavenging, reactive carbonyl species trapping, and anti-glycation effects compared to their respective ACFs. The berry ACEs (at 100 μg/mL) inhibited both thermal- and MGO-induced Aβ fibrillation. In addition, the berry ACEs (at 20 μg/mL) reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production, and lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide species in BV-2 microglia as well as decreased H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and caspase-3/7 activity in BV-2 microglia. The free radical scavenging, reactive carbonyl trapping, anti-glycation, anti-Aβ fibrillation, and microglial neuroprotective effects of these berry extracts warrant further in vivo studies to evaluate their potential neuroprotective effects against AD.
Journal Article