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John Sulston (1942-2018)
Nobel-prizewinning champion of the Human Genome Project and open data.
Journal Article
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: phage display of peptides and antibodies
One-half of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter “for the phage display of peptides and antibodies”. This feature article summarizes significant achievements leading to the development of phage display of peptides and antibodies, where a bacteriophage is genetically modified to display peptides and proteins, with the primary aim of producing new biopharmaceuticals. These significant achievements are proven to be useful for the development of phage-based bioassays and biosensors.
Journal Article
Blood run
\"Biochemist Emma Caldridge joins Jackson Rand, pharmaceutical CEO, on a humanitarian mission to deliver vaccines to remote villages in Africa. But after narrowly escaping a crew of trained assassins, Emma realizes that there is more to this mission than she anticipated. Rand is keeping secrets from her, information that could cost both of them their lives...not to mention millions more. After its eradication nearly forty years ago, the smallpox virus is once again threatening the world. With no known cure and limited stores of vaccine, the highly contagious, deadly and disfiguring disease has the power to wipe out entire cities. Rand's company was hired to secure the last known vials, but some have gone missing in Africa and a ruthless government now hunts them for use as a biochemical weapon. Emma must locate these vials before the killer plague is unleashed on the innocent, ravaging a world that never expected to see it again. She runs to the border, finding and freeing hostages as she does. But an insurgency is rising around them, blocking their every attempt to escape. Surrounded and with no choice but to head to the desert, Emma must stop the virus and lead her ragtag team to freedom...if the Sahara doesn't kill them first.\"--Back cover.
Book
CRISPR–Cas9: A History of Its Discovery and Ethical Considerations of Its Use in Genome Editing
The development of a method for genome editing based on CRISPR–Cas9 technology was awarded The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020, less than a decade after the discovery of all principal molecular components of the system. For the first time in history a Nobel prize was awarded to two women, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna, who made key discoveries in the field of DNA manipulation with the CRISPR–Cas9 system, so-called “genetic scissors”. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the technique as it enables one not only to manipulate genomes of model organisms in scientific experiments, and modify characteristics of important crops and animals, but also has the potential of introducing revolutionary changes in medicine, especially in treatment of genetic diseases. The original biological function of CRISPR–Cas9 system is the protection of prokaryotes from mobile genetic elements, in particular viruses. Currently, CRISPR–Cas9 and related technologies have been successfully used to cure life-threatening diseases, make coronavirus detection tests, and even to modify human embryo cells with the consequent birth of babies carrying the introduced modifications. This intervention with human germplasm cells resulted in wide disapproval in the scientific community due to ethical concerns, and calls for a moratorium on inheritable genomic manipulations. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of the CRISPR–Cas9 system with some aspects of its current applications, including ethical concerns about its use in humans.
Journal Article
Never give up : Dr. Kati Karikó and the race for the future of vaccines
\"This picture book biography introduces Hungarian American biochemist Katalin Karikó, who played a critical role in developing the mRNA vaccine for COVID-19. Follow the journey of Katalin (Kati) Karikó from her childhood in rural Hungary\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Breaking through : my life in science
\"A story of perseverance and the power of convictions from the groundbreaking immigrant scientist whose decades-long research led to the COVID-19 vaccines. Katalin Karikó had an unlikely journey. The daughter of a butcher in postwar communist Hungary, Karikó grew up in a one-room home that lacked running water, and her family grew their own vegetables. She saw the wonders of nature all around her and was determined to become a scientist. That determination eventually brought her to the United States, where she arrived as a postdoctoral fellow in 1985 with $1,200 sewn into her toddler's teddy bear and a dream to remake medicine. Karikó worked in obscurity, battled cockroaches in a windowless lab, and faced outright derision and even deportation threats from her bosses and colleagues. She balked as prestigious research institutions increasingly conflated science and money. Despite setbacks, she never wavered in her belief that an ephemeral and underappreciated molecule called messenger RNA could change the world. Karikó believed that someday mRNA would transform ordinary cells into tiny factories capable of producing their own medicines on demand. She sacrificed nearly everything for this dream, but the obstacles she faced only motivated her, and eventually she succeeded. Karikó's three-decades-long investigation into mRNA would lead to a staggering achievement: vaccines that protected millions of people from the most dire consequences of COVID-19. These vaccines are just the beginning of mRNA's potential. Today, the medical community eagerly awaits more mRNA vaccines-for the flu, HIV, and other emerging infectious diseases. Breaking Through isn't just the story of an extraordinary woman-it's an indictment of closed-minded thinking and a testament to one woman's commitment to laboring intensely in obscurity-knowing she might never be recognized in a culture that is more driven by prestige, power, and privilege-because she believed her work would save lives\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
'i»?Test-tube' evolution wins Chemistry Nobel Prize
Frances Arnold, Gregory Winter and George Smith controlled evolution in the lab to produce greener technologies and new medicines.Frances Arnold, Gregory Winter and George Smith controlled evolution in the lab to produce greener technologies and new medicines.
Journal Article