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"Bioengineering."
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Bioengineering in the real world
Takes a look into the world of bioengineering, why it is an intriguing STEM career, and the amazing work scientists in this field have accomplished throughout the years.
Book
Four ethical priorities for neurotechnologies and AI
Artificial intelligence and brain-computer interfaces must respect and preserve people's privacy, identity, agency and equality, say Rafael Yuste, Sara Goering and colleagues.
Journal Article
A versatile microfluidic extrusion-based hydrogel platform for self-organization and long-term maintenance of engineered 3D lymphatic endothelium
Lymphatic endothelium is essential for interstitial fluid drainage, immune surveillance, and macromolecular transport. Existing in vitro models that accurately recapitulate its three-dimensional structure, barrier properties, and long-term stability are still limited. In this study, we propose a robust, adaptable, and scalable platform designed to generate engineered three-dimensional lymphatic endothelium using primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs). This system combines microfluidic extrusion-based fabrication allowing precise control of the tubular geometry with custom-optimized extracellular matrix–derived hydrogel. The capability to tune dimensions enables the creation of constructs that encompass physiologically relevant size ranges. Through a systematic matrix screen, we identified a unique four-component formulation—gelatin, Matrigel, hyaluronic acid, and fibrinogen—that supports the rapid self-assembly of HDLECs into stable, lumen-forming monolayers within one week. These engineered structures maintain viability and structural integrity for a minimum of 30 days under static culture conditions. Functional permeability assays demonstrated selective tracer uptake characteristics of lymphatic transport. Comparative studies with blood vascular endothelial cells indicate that the proposed platform preserves maintenance of lineage-specific expression profiles, junctional organization, and permeability properties under identical fabrication parameters. Altogether, this approach offers a reproducible and controlled system for studying three-dimensional endothelial architecture, transport mechanisms, and extracellular matrix remodeling across diverse endothelial phenotypes, thereby addressing a pivotal gap in the modeling of lymphatic vasculature.
A microfluidic extrusion platform allows primary human lymphatic endothelial cells to self-organize into 3D hollow tubes.
The internal dimensions of the hybrid cell/hydrogel constructs can be precisely controlled by tuning the flow rates.
A custom-defined four-component extracellular matrix provides essential biochemical cues for stable monolayer formation and for the in vitro organization of lymphatic endothelial vessels.
Matrix composition significantly influences cell proliferation and migration, thereby impacting on the spatial arrangement of the tissue.
The three-dimensional lymphatic tissue configuration sustains cell viability, consistent expression of lineage-specific markers, and barrier function which lasts for at least 30 days.
The system maintains morphological and functional properties not only for lymphatic endothelial cells, but also for blood endothelial cells in long-term culture conditions.
Paper
Fifty Years of Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Education
Undergraduate education in biomedical engineering (BME) and bioengineering (BioE) has been in place for more than 50 years. It has been important in shaping the field as a whole. The early undergraduate programs developed shortly after BME graduate programs, as universities sought to capitalize on the interest of students and the practical advantages of having BME departments that could control their own resources and curriculum. Unlike other engineering fields, BME did not rely initially on a market for graduates in industry, although BME graduates subsequently have found many opportunities. BME undergraduate programs exploded in the 2000s with funding from the Whitaker Foundation and resources from other agencies such as the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. The number of programs appears to be reaching a plateau, with 118 accredited programs in the United States at present. We show that there is a core of material that most undergraduates are expected to know, which is different from the knowledge base of other engineers not only in terms of biology, but in the breadth of engineering. We also review the role of important organizations and conferences in the growth of BME, special features of BME education, first placements of BME graduates, and a few challenges to address in the future.
Journal Article
Building a community to engineer synthetic cells and organelles from the bottom-up
Employing concepts from physics, chemistry and bioengineering, 'learning-by-building' approaches are becoming increasingly popular in the life sciences, especially with researchers who are attempting to engineer cellular life from scratch. The SynCell2020/21 conference brought together researchers from different disciplines to highlight progress in this field, including areas where synthetic cells are having socioeconomic and technological impact. Conference participants also identified the challenges involved in designing, manipulating and creating synthetic cells with hierarchical organization and function. A key conclusion is the need to build an international and interdisciplinary research community through enhanced communication, resource-sharing, and educational initiatives.
Journal Article
Cultivation and sequencing of rumen microbiome members from the Hungate1000 Collection
Rumen microbiome biology gets a boost with the release of 410 high-quality reference genomes from the Hungate1000 project.
Productivity of ruminant livestock depends on the rumen microbiota, which ferment indigestible plant polysaccharides into nutrients used for growth. Understanding the functions carried out by the rumen microbiota is important for reducing greenhouse gas production by ruminants and for developing biofuels from lignocellulose. We present 410 cultured bacteria and archaea, together with their reference genomes, representing every cultivated rumen-associated archaeal and bacterial family. We evaluate polysaccharide degradation, short-chain fatty acid production and methanogenesis pathways, and assign specific taxa to functions. A total of 336 organisms were present in available rumen metagenomic data sets, and 134 were present in human gut microbiome data sets. Comparison with the human microbiome revealed rumen-specific enrichment for genes encoding
de novo
synthesis of vitamin B
12
, ongoing evolution by gene loss and potential vertical inheritance of the rumen microbiome based on underrepresentation of markers of environmental stress. We estimate that our Hungate genome resource represents ∼75% of the genus-level bacterial and archaeal taxa present in the rumen.
Journal Article