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Background Although the disturbance of circadian rhythms represents a significant clinical feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), the relationship between biological rhythm disturbances and the severity of suicidal ideation in individuals with MDD remains unclear. We aimed to explore the characteristics of different biological rhythm dimensions in MDD and their association with the severity of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Methods A total of 50 MDD patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited and their general information was collected. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS 17 ). The intensity of suicidal ideation was evaluated with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). The Chinese version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scale was utilized to assess the participants’ biological rhythm dysregulation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between biological rhythm and the risk of MDD. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in the MDD group to investigate the relationship between different biological rhythm dimensions and suicide ideation. Results Significant differences were observed between the MDD group and the control group in total BRIAN score (Z=-5.41, P  < 0.001) as well as scores for each dimension. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between total BRIAN score and the presence of MDD (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10–1.29, P  < 0.001), as well as between scores in different BRIAN dimensions and the presence of MDD (activity: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.24–1.74, P  < 0.001; sleep: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.28–1.79, P  < 0.001; social: OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.32–2.46, P  < 0.001; eating pattern: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.12–1.60, P  = 0.001). In patients with MDD, linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between BSS scores and BRIAN eating pattern scores (β = 0.34, P  = 0.022), even after adjusting for demographic factors and the severity of depression. Conclusions Patients with MDD exhibited significantly higher levels of dysregulation in all four biological rhythm dimensions compared to healthy controls and the degree of dysregulation was associated with the severity of depression. More importantly, dysregulation of eating pattern may increase the intensity of suicidal ideation in MDD, thus elevating the risk of suicide.

Background Despite the close relationship between sleep–wake cycles and depression symptoms, the relationship between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms in adults remains understudied. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 18280 adults aged ≥ 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2020 were analyzed. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, family income, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, comorbid condition, sleep duration, and sleep disturbance were adjusted in multivariate regression models. Results Weighted restricted cubic spline based on the complex sampling design of NHANES showed that in participants with a sleep midpoint from 2:18 AM to 6:30 AM, the prevalence of depression symptoms increased by 0.2 times (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.33) per 1-h increment in sleep midpoint compared to the reference point of 2:18 AM. For participants with a sleep midpoint after 6:30 AM and before 2:18 AM the next day, the relationship between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms was not significant after adjusting for all covariates (adjusted OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.03). Conclusions The findings indicate a significant nonlinear association between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms in a nationally representative sample of adults.

Background Depression and anxiety are topical concerns worldwide, especially among adolescents. Besides, biological rhythm disorder as a candidate mechanism for mood disorders is highly prevalent, but relevant research among adolescents in China is presently limited. We conducted the present study to investigate the distribution of multi-dimensional self-rating biological rhythm disorder and the association of self-rating biological rhythm disorders with depression and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents in different academic stages. Methods In the cross-sectional study, 3693 students aged 11–23 from Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China were included. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) were used to evaluate symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Additionally, the Self-Rating of Biological Rhythm Disorder for Adolescents (SBRDA) was used to assess status of biological rhythm disorders. Multivariate logistic regression was developed to explore factors potentially associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety stratified by academic stages. Results Among all participants, 44.14 and 36.15% suffered from depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. On average, participants scored 74.66 ± 19.37 on the measure of total biological rhythm disorder. Adjusted for demographic confounding factors, the logistic regression analysis showed higher scores of total biological rhythm disorder were associated with more severe depression (OR = 14.38, 95%CI: 11.38–18.16) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 11.63, 95%CI: 9.14–14.81). The similar results were also found in the stratified analysis by academic stages. Conclusions Self-rating biological rhythm disorders are significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents. Discrepancy across academic stages should also be taken into account in establishing public health strategies.

IntroductionM4 muscarinic receptor (mAChR) knockout changed the female activity biological rhythm parameters. In this study, we focus on the biological rhythms of mAChRs (total + M1 mAChRs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in M4 mAChR knockout (M4KO) and wild-type (WT) mice in specific brain areas.MethodsFemale mice were sacrificed every 4 hours, brains were removed, mAChRs were determined by autoradiography, and punching was used for the measurement of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity. The density of mAChRs was correlated with locomotor activity.ResultsAn ultradian rhythm in total mAChRs was found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (both M4KO and WT). M4KO had a positive correlation between the number of mAChRs and locomotor activity. This rhythm was changed to circadian in WT with a peak in the active phase and to circadian rhythm in M4KO with phase shifts to the inactive/active phase in the intergeniculate leaflet (IgL) (positive correlation in KO), subparaventricular zone (SPVZ) (negative correlation in WT), and posterior hypothalamic area (PHA) (positive correlation in WT). The thalamus (TH) reveals circadian rhythms in WT and M4KO, with a peak in the active phase (no correlation). The striatum (Str), i.e., caudate ncl-putamen (CPu) (decrease in M4KO, positive correlation in both WT and KO) and the motor cortex (MCx) (no correlation), showed circadian rhythms (peak in active phase). Caudate ncl-putamen M1 mAChRs rhythm in WT was circadian, while M4KO animals revealed an ultradian rhythm. Cholinesterases revealed ultradian and circadian rhythms in different areas.DiscussionWe conclude that muscarinic receptor-directed biological rhythm of activity is determined in the striatum (caudate ncl-putamen) as a key structure mainly by M4 mAChRs with a supportive role of M1 mAChRs.

IntroductionAcute psychotic states characterized by clinical lability and dream-like qualities are a staple of classic psychopatology. An excessive focus on diagnostic criteria for bipolar or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders risks missing this particular set of patients; defined through their dynamic presentation as much as by any cluster of symptoms or types of course.ObjectivesTo explore the concept and relevance of oneroid-like cyclic psychosis through a clinical case and review.MethodsWe report the case of a 37 year old woman with bipolar disorder (three previous instances of manic episodes with psychotic symptoms) and various gynecological issues that required hormone therapy. After a couple of days having difficulty sleeping, the patient developed a clinical picture consisting of wide and sudden oscillations between hyperactive and inhibited psychomotor activity, moods of dread and ecstasy, and states of disorganized thought and childlike activities with perplexity and mutism. Frequent behaviors as if experiencing visual alucinations and repeated allusions to feeling as if in a dream. These symptoms lasted for 2-3 weeks, after treatment with risperidone and lithium. A narrative review concerning the case was also performed.ResultsKleist’s ‘innate instability’ permeates much of the previous literature. Similar entities highlight different issues closely related to various biological rhythms: atypical psychosis and epilepsy, puerperal psychosis and estrogen dysregulation, cyclic psychosis and sleep disorders, delirious mania and effectiveness of electro-convulsive-therapy, etc.ConclusionsOur findings point to the clinical relevance of oneiroid cyclic psychosis as innate instability. Further studies on the role of biological rhythms and its repercussions on daily practice are required.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Background Circadian rhythm disorders (CRDs) are closely associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as tumors. The impact of a CRD on bodily health is a complex and comprehensive process, and its molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways are still unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism variation and adverse outcomes associated with CRDs in a prospective cohort of CRD cases and controls at term using multiomics data. The study has been tasked with developing a precise health promotion model for the prevention and management of CRDs. Methods This will be a 5-year prospective cohort study centered on the health management of individuals with CRDs. One hundred volunteers were recruited and had undergone baseline specimen collection, health examination, and health assessment. All of them will be followed up every year using the same protocol, and their biological specimens will be subjected to multiomics analysis after standardized processing. Discussion Longitudinal health examination, health assessment, and multiomics data will be analyzed to study the impact of CRDs on the volunteers’ health status. The results of this study will promote the development of targeted health management programs based on precision medicine. Trial registration The clinical study registration has been completed (Trial Registration No. ChiCTR2100047242 ).

Light is a major environmental factor that regulates circadian rhythms and pineal melatonin synthesis. While the influence of nighttime light exposure on melatonin suppression has been extensively investigated, much less is known about the impact of photophase light wavelength on pineal function. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of monochromatic light during the photophase on diurnal changes in melatonin-related indoles in the rat pineal gland. Wistar rats were exposed for 7 days to 150 lx of monochromatic blue (463 ± 10 nm), green (523 ± 10 nm), or red (623 ± 10 nm) LED light, or to white fluorescent light (control), under a 12:12 light–dark cycle. Pineal glands were collected every 3 h over 24 h, and the indole content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results demonstrated that both the timing and course of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and melatonin (MLT) rhythms were significantly affected by light wavelength. Blue light most effectively preserved the normal rhythmicity observed under full-spectrum white light, whereas green—and particularly red light—delayed nocturnal NAS and MLT synthesis. These changes were accompanied by concurrent alternations in rhythms of serotonin, its precursors, and metabolites. The data strongly suggest that spectral light composition during the photophase influences pineal indole metabolism via melanopsin-mediated phototransduction and possibly other retinal mechanisms. These findings may have implications for the design of artificial lighting environments in human life and animal housing.

Objectives To determine whether smoking and drinking moderate the correlation between biological rhythm and mental health and the role of gender differences in these moderating effects. Methods Adolescents from three cities, all twelve middle schools (N = 7,986), named Shenzhen, Nanchang and Shenyang in China, were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire including the details of biological rhythm, psychological health, and the status of smoking and drinking. The PROCESS program was used to analyze whether smoking and drinking moderated the relationship between biological rhythm and psychological health. Results The analyses revealed poorer psychological health and greater likelihood of smoking and drinking in participants with higher scores for biological rhythm disorder ( P  < 0.001). Specifically, smoking and drinking accelerated the relationship between biological rhythm and psychological health in the total sample ( B  = 0.05, P  < 0.05; B  = 0.06, P  < 0.001) and only the subgroup of girls ( B  = 0.09, P  < 0.05; B  = 0.12, P  < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions As the findings suggest, attention should be given to smoking, drinking and gender-specific approaches employed to alleviate the psychological disorders of adolescents with biological rhythm disorders.

To investigate the effects of bonito oligopeptide SEP-3 on the repair of liver damage and regulation of liver biorhythm in sleep-deprived mice (SDM), C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to sleep deprivation by modified multi-platform water environment method, and were given different doses of bonito oligopeptide SEP-3 in groups. To determine the liver organ index, liver tissue-related apoptotic protein levels, Wnt/β-Catenin pathway-related protein expression levels, serum alanine transaminase (ALT), glutamicum transaminase (AST), glucocorticoid (GC), and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) content in each group of mice, four time points were selected to examine the mRNA expression levels of circadian clock-related genes in mouse liver tissue. The results showed that low, medium, and high doses of SEP-3 significantly increased SDM, ALT, and AST (p < 0.05), and medium and high doses of SEP-3 significantly reduced SDM liver index and GC and ACTH. As SEP-3 increased the apoptotic protein and Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, mRNA expression gradually tended to normal (p < 0.05). This suggests that sleep deprivation can cause excessive oxidative stress in mice, which can lead to liver damage. Additionally, oligopeptide SEP-3 achieves the repair of liver damage by inhibiting SDM hepatocyte apoptosis, activating liver Wnt/β-Catenin pathway, and promoting hepatocyte proliferation and migration, and suggests that oligopeptide SEP-3 is closely related to repair of liver damage by regulating the biological rhythm of SDM disorder.

The high prevalence of desynchronized biological rhythms is becoming a primary public health concern. We assess complex and diverse inter-modulations among multi-frequency rhythms present in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). and Methods: We performed 7-day/24-h Ambulatory BP Monitoring in 220 (133 women) residents (23-74 years) of a rural Japanese town in Kochi Prefecture under everyday life conditions. A symphony of biological clocks contributes to the preservation of a synchronized circadian system. (1) Citizens with an average 12.02-h period had fewer vascular variability disorders than those with shorter (11.37-h) or longer (12.88-h) periods (p < 0.05), suggesting that the circasemidian rhythm is potentially important for human health. (2) An appropriate BP-HR coupling promoted healthier circadian profiles than a phase-advanced BP: lower 7-day nighttime SBP (106.8 vs. 112.9 mmHg, p = 0.0469), deeper nocturnal SBP dip (20.5% vs. 16.8%, p = 0.0101), and less frequent incidence of masked non-dipping (0.53 vs. 0.86, p = 0.0378), identifying the night as an important time window. Adaptation to irregular schedules in everyday life occurs unconsciously at night, probably initiated from the brain default mode network, in coordination with the biological clock system, including a reinforced about 12-h clock, as \"a biological clock-guided core integration system.\"