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Background Although the disturbance of circadian rhythms represents a significant clinical feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), the relationship between biological rhythm disturbances and the severity of suicidal ideation in individuals with MDD remains unclear. We aimed to explore the characteristics of different biological rhythm dimensions in MDD and their association with the severity of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Methods A total of 50 MDD patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited and their general information was collected. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS 17 ). The intensity of suicidal ideation was evaluated with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). The Chinese version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scale was utilized to assess the participants’ biological rhythm dysregulation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between biological rhythm and the risk of MDD. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in the MDD group to investigate the relationship between different biological rhythm dimensions and suicide ideation. Results Significant differences were observed between the MDD group and the control group in total BRIAN score (Z=-5.41, P  < 0.001) as well as scores for each dimension. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between total BRIAN score and the presence of MDD (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10–1.29, P  < 0.001), as well as between scores in different BRIAN dimensions and the presence of MDD (activity: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.24–1.74, P  < 0.001; sleep: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.28–1.79, P  < 0.001; social: OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.32–2.46, P  < 0.001; eating pattern: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.12–1.60, P  = 0.001). In patients with MDD, linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between BSS scores and BRIAN eating pattern scores (β = 0.34, P  = 0.022), even after adjusting for demographic factors and the severity of depression. Conclusions Patients with MDD exhibited significantly higher levels of dysregulation in all four biological rhythm dimensions compared to healthy controls and the degree of dysregulation was associated with the severity of depression. More importantly, dysregulation of eating pattern may increase the intensity of suicidal ideation in MDD, thus elevating the risk of suicide.

IntroductionM4 muscarinic receptor (mAChR) knockout changed the female activity biological rhythm parameters. In this study, we focus on the biological rhythms of mAChRs (total + M1 mAChRs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in M4 mAChR knockout (M4KO) and wild-type (WT) mice in specific brain areas.MethodsFemale mice were sacrificed every 4 hours, brains were removed, mAChRs were determined by autoradiography, and punching was used for the measurement of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity. The density of mAChRs was correlated with locomotor activity.ResultsAn ultradian rhythm in total mAChRs was found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (both M4KO and WT). M4KO had a positive correlation between the number of mAChRs and locomotor activity. This rhythm was changed to circadian in WT with a peak in the active phase and to circadian rhythm in M4KO with phase shifts to the inactive/active phase in the intergeniculate leaflet (IgL) (positive correlation in KO), subparaventricular zone (SPVZ) (negative correlation in WT), and posterior hypothalamic area (PHA) (positive correlation in WT). The thalamus (TH) reveals circadian rhythms in WT and M4KO, with a peak in the active phase (no correlation). The striatum (Str), i.e., caudate ncl-putamen (CPu) (decrease in M4KO, positive correlation in both WT and KO) and the motor cortex (MCx) (no correlation), showed circadian rhythms (peak in active phase). Caudate ncl-putamen M1 mAChRs rhythm in WT was circadian, while M4KO animals revealed an ultradian rhythm. Cholinesterases revealed ultradian and circadian rhythms in different areas.DiscussionWe conclude that muscarinic receptor-directed biological rhythm of activity is determined in the striatum (caudate ncl-putamen) as a key structure mainly by M4 mAChRs with a supportive role of M1 mAChRs.

IntroductionAcute psychotic states characterized by clinical lability and dream-like qualities are a staple of classic psychopatology. An excessive focus on diagnostic criteria for bipolar or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders risks missing this particular set of patients; defined through their dynamic presentation as much as by any cluster of symptoms or types of course.ObjectivesTo explore the concept and relevance of oneroid-like cyclic psychosis through a clinical case and review.MethodsWe report the case of a 37 year old woman with bipolar disorder (three previous instances of manic episodes with psychotic symptoms) and various gynecological issues that required hormone therapy. After a couple of days having difficulty sleeping, the patient developed a clinical picture consisting of wide and sudden oscillations between hyperactive and inhibited psychomotor activity, moods of dread and ecstasy, and states of disorganized thought and childlike activities with perplexity and mutism. Frequent behaviors as if experiencing visual alucinations and repeated allusions to feeling as if in a dream. These symptoms lasted for 2-3 weeks, after treatment with risperidone and lithium. A narrative review concerning the case was also performed.ResultsKleist’s ‘innate instability’ permeates much of the previous literature. Similar entities highlight different issues closely related to various biological rhythms: atypical psychosis and epilepsy, puerperal psychosis and estrogen dysregulation, cyclic psychosis and sleep disorders, delirious mania and effectiveness of electro-convulsive-therapy, etc.ConclusionsOur findings point to the clinical relevance of oneiroid cyclic psychosis as innate instability. Further studies on the role of biological rhythms and its repercussions on daily practice are required.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Light is a major environmental factor that regulates circadian rhythms and pineal melatonin synthesis. While the influence of nighttime light exposure on melatonin suppression has been extensively investigated, much less is known about the impact of photophase light wavelength on pineal function. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of monochromatic light during the photophase on diurnal changes in melatonin-related indoles in the rat pineal gland. Wistar rats were exposed for 7 days to 150 lx of monochromatic blue (463 ± 10 nm), green (523 ± 10 nm), or red (623 ± 10 nm) LED light, or to white fluorescent light (control), under a 12:12 light–dark cycle. Pineal glands were collected every 3 h over 24 h, and the indole content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results demonstrated that both the timing and course of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and melatonin (MLT) rhythms were significantly affected by light wavelength. Blue light most effectively preserved the normal rhythmicity observed under full-spectrum white light, whereas green—and particularly red light—delayed nocturnal NAS and MLT synthesis. These changes were accompanied by concurrent alternations in rhythms of serotonin, its precursors, and metabolites. The data strongly suggest that spectral light composition during the photophase influences pineal indole metabolism via melanopsin-mediated phototransduction and possibly other retinal mechanisms. These findings may have implications for the design of artificial lighting environments in human life and animal housing.

Background Despite the close relationship between sleep–wake cycles and depression symptoms, the relationship between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms in adults remains understudied. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 18280 adults aged ≥ 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2020 were analyzed. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, family income, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, comorbid condition, sleep duration, and sleep disturbance were adjusted in multivariate regression models. Results Weighted restricted cubic spline based on the complex sampling design of NHANES showed that in participants with a sleep midpoint from 2:18 AM to 6:30 AM, the prevalence of depression symptoms increased by 0.2 times (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.33) per 1-h increment in sleep midpoint compared to the reference point of 2:18 AM. For participants with a sleep midpoint after 6:30 AM and before 2:18 AM the next day, the relationship between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms was not significant after adjusting for all covariates (adjusted OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.03). Conclusions The findings indicate a significant nonlinear association between sleep midpoint and depression symptoms in a nationally representative sample of adults.