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"Bioluminescence"
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Glow-in-the-dark animals
In this book, young readers will meet eight creatures that emit light from their bodies. Some use sparkling lights to attract a mate, while others create a sudden flash to scare their predators.
Book
It glows! : magical animals that give off light
\"Bioluminescence benefits animals in many ways. Some animals with this ability use their light to lure prey, distract predators, or to attract a mate. Learn more about how animals use bioluminescence to help them survive in their environments\"--Publisher marketing.
Book
Luminous creatures : the history and science of light production in living organisms
\"Charles Darwin was perplexed by the chaotic diversity of luminous organisms, which he found difficult to reconcile with his evolutionary theory. For other reasons bewilderment confronted many observers watching living lights throughout the ages. It fell on naturalists and scientists to try and make sense of the dazzling luminous displays by fireflies and other organisms. In Luminous Creatures, Michel Anctil shows how the mythical perceptions of bioluminescence gradually gave way to a scientific understanding of its mechanisms, functions and evolution, and to the recognition of its usefulness for biomedical and other applied fields. Naturalists since the Antiquity worked hard at dispelling fanciful ideas about the meaning of living lights by giving as reliable accounts of what they saw as was in their power. But it took the circumnavigations and oceanographic expeditions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the rise of the modern scientific method, for biologists to realize how widespread bioluminescence is on the planet and how diverse are its expressions in light organs and ecological imprints. By the end of the nineteenth century an understanding of the chemical nature and physiological control of the phenomenon was at hand. Technological developments led to the recent explosion of knowledge on the ecology, evolution and molecular biology of bioluminescence. Luminous Creatures tracks these historical events and illuminates the lives and trail-blazing accomplishments of the scientists involved. It offers a unique window in the awe-inspiring, phantasmagorical world of light-producing organisms, viewed from the perspectives of the casual observer and science-maker alike.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Prolonged Bioluminescence Monitoring in Mouse Ex Vivo Bone Culture Revealed Persistent Circadian Rhythms in Articular Cartilages and Growth Plates: e78306
The bone is a metabolically active organ which undergoes repeated remodeling cycles of bone resorption and formation. In this study, we revealed a robust and extremely long-lasting circadian rhythm in ex vivo culture maintained for over six months from the femoral bone of a PERIOD2Luciferase mouse. Furthermore, we also identified robust circadian clocks in flat bones. High- or low-magnification real-time bioluminescence microscopic imaging revealed that the robust circadian rhythms emanated from the articular cartilage and the epiphyseal cartilage within the growth plate of juvenile animals. Stimulation by forskolin or dexamethasone treatment caused type 0 phase resetting, indicating canonical entraining properties of the bone clock. Together, our findings from long-term ex vivo culture revealed that \"tissue-autonomous\" circadian rhythm in the articular cartilage and the growth plate of femoral bone functions for several months even in an organ culture condition, and provided a useful in vitro assay system investigating the role of the biological clock in bone formation or development.
Journal Article
77 GFP and luciferase dual reporter cell lines for non-invasive in vivo fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging in mouse tumor xenograft and syngeneic models
BackgroundWhole animal in vivo optical imaging is widely used for the ease of operation in visualizing in vivo biological events, eliminating the requirement for animal subject sacrifice, allowing for continuous monitoring/imaging of a single individual animal, and reducing the amount of inter-animal variation. Although xenograft and syngeneic models are both useful in vivo models for studying tumor formation and development, metastases, measuring tumor burden in whole animals, the syngeneic models are particularly valuable for studying the interplay between tumor cells and host immune system and monitoring responses to immunotherapy. Here we report on the generation of dual reporter syngeneic cell lines which stably express GFP and luciferase with broad applications for in vitro and in vivo cancer immunology studies. These GFP and Luciferase dual reporters provide a relatively simple, robust, and highly sensitive means to measure biological processes and to assess therapeutic efficacy in animal models through non-invasive in vivo fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging.MethodsDual reporter cell lines were derived from mouse breast and colon cancer cell lines. After introduction of Lenti-GFP-LUC2 dual reporter into parental cell lines and antibiotic selection, single cell cloning was performed to isolate stable clones with high GFP and luciferase expression. Isolated clones were characterized by cell morphology, growth kinetics, and stable expression of GFP and luciferase. The established cell lines were tested for tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice and subsequent whole-body in vivo bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging were performed by Xenogen IVIS imaging system. At the endpoint, the tumors were excised for ex vivo bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging.ResultsWe confirmed high level GFP and luciferase expression in selected clones via fluorescence and luminescence imaging and flow cytometric analysis. The fluorescence and bioluminescence intensity showed positive linear correlation with cell numbers. The GFP and luciferase expression remained high after 30 population doublings. The morphology and the growth rate were comparable to the parental cell lines. Fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging of mouse xenograft models displayed positive correlation of fluorescence or bioluminescence intensity to tumor size. Ex vivo imaging of tumors also showed high intensity GFP and bioluminescence.ConclusionsIn vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging provide complementary non-invasive approaches for real-time monitoring and studying of immune responses and tumor progression in preclinical models. The newly developed dual reporter syngeneic cell lines offer a powerful imaging tool for studying multiple aspects of complex cellular interactions during preclinical investigation and facilitating development of more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
Journal Article
Glowing animals
\"You know fireflies glow in the dark, but did you know there are many other animals that make their own light? Dive deep into the ocean, soar high in the sky, and explore the forest and desert floors to discover animals that glow.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Novel Split-Luciferase-Based Genetically Encoded Biosensors for Noninvasive Visualization of Rho GTPases. e62230
Rho family GTPases are critical regulators of many important cellular processes and the dysregulation of their activities is implicated in a variety of human diseases including oncogenesis and propagation of malignancy. The traditional methods, such as \"pull-down\" or two-hybrid procedures, are poorly suited to dynamically evaluate the activity of Rho GTPases, especially in living mammalian cells. To provide a novel alternative approach to analyzing Rho GTPase-associated signaling pathways in vivo, we developed a series of bioluminescent biosensors based on the genetically engineered firefly luciferase. These split-luciferase-based biosensors enable non-invasive visualization and quantification of the activity of Rho GTPases in living subjects. The strategy is to reasonably split the gene of firefly luciferase protein into two inactive fragments and then respectively fuse the two fragments to Rho GTPase and the GTPase-binding domain (GBD) of the specific effector. Upon Rho GTPase interacting with the binding domain in a GTP-dependent manner, these two luciferase fragments are brought into close proximity, leading to luciferase reconstitution and photon production in the presence of the substrate. Using these bimolecular luminescence complementation (BiLC) biosensors, we successfully visualized and quantified the activities of the three best characterized Rho GTPases by measuring the luminescence in living cells. We also experimentally investigated the sensitivity of these Rho GTPase biosensors to upstream regulatory proteins and extracellular ligands without lysing cells and doing labor-intensive works. By virtue of the unique functional characteristics of bioluminescence imaging, the BiLC-based biosensors provide an enormous potential for in vivo imaging of Rho GTPase signaling pathways and high-throughput screening of therapeutic drugs targeted to Rho GTPases and (or) upstream molecules in the near future.
Journal Article