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Stem cells are self-replicating and undifferentiated, meaning their function is not yet cell, tissue, or organ-specific. Due to the unique nature of these cells, research into their biology and function holds great promise for therapeutic applications through replacement or repair of diseased and damaged cells. This reader-friendly manual provides a practical \"hands on\" guide to the culture of human embryonic and somatic stem cells. By presenting methods for embryonic and adult lines side-by-side, the authors lay out an elegant and unique path to understanding the science of stem cell practice. The authors begin with a broad-based introduction to the field, and also review legal and regulatory issues and patents. Each experimental strategy is presented with an historical introduction, detailed method, discussion of alternative methods, and common pitfalls. This lab guide for researchers also serves as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in laboratory courses.

Participating in scientific research is essential for undergraduate students that major in biotechnology, public health, biomedical science, and medical laboratory technology to develop their research skill. Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) represent a transformative pedagogical approach that integrates authentic research projects into conventional curricula. However, a systematic experimental training system is lacking. Here, we present the Antimicrobial Resistance-focused Pharmaceutical Developing Research (APDR) program, which broadly covers multiple courses and key topics, such as microorganism isolation and identification, drug sensitivity detection, protein expression and homology modeling, and molecular docking and new drug screening, with the potential for publishable research outcomes. Students enrolled in this program mastered various research skills and demonstrated a 2.4-fold increase in published articles per capita compared with those not enrolled in this program. Significant improvements in follow-up course scores in genetic engineering (18.5%), microbiology (6.9%), and molecular biology (10.7%) were observed among participants. Furthermore, 44.1% of participants demonstrated scholarly productivity as exemplified by authored or co-authored publications. Therefore, a systematic APDR program offers students a positive learning experience to enhance students’ research skills. and provides a pedagogical tool that can be adapted to improve students’ ability to engage in biomedical research.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of manual segmentation of cerebral infarction lesions in experimental animals with modeled brain infarct based on magnetic resonance imaging compared to an automated artificial intelligence approach. For automated infarct segmentation, an artificial intelligence system with the Swin-UNETR architecture was used, while manual segmentation was performed by four independent researchers. It was shown that manual segmentation exhibits significant variability, especially when small brain infarct lesions are analyzed. The obtained data emphasize the need for standardizing methods and applying automated systems to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of the results.

Degus ( Octodon degus ) are rodents that are becoming more widely used in the neuroscience field. Degus display several more complex behaviors than rats and mice, including complicated social behaviors, vocal communications, and tool usage with superb manual dexterity. However, relatively little information is known about the anatomy of degu brains. Therefore, for these complex behaviors to be correlated with specific brain regions, a contemporary atlas of the degu brain is required. This manuscript describes the construction of a three-dimensional (3D) volume rendered model of the degu brain that combines histological and magnetic resonance images. This atlas provides several advantages, including the ability to visualize the surface of the brain from any angle. The atlas also permits virtual cutting of brain sections in any plane and provides stereotaxic coordinates for all sections, to be beneficial for both experimental surgeries and radiological studies. The reconstructed 3D atlas is freely available online at: http://brainatlas.brain.riken.jp/degu/modules/xoonips/listitem.php?index_id=24 .

Getting involved in medical and biomedical research through necessity or personal choice can be a testing experience. Each step of the process brings its own challenges, from liaising with supervisors, to the lack of opportunities to promote completed research. This brand new How to provides a complete guide to the process: from the planning stages, to execution, write-up, preparation for the viva examination, and how to maximise the impact of your research. It ensures you get the most out of the experience, both in terms of personal development and academic achievement, and even provides guidance on what to do when things don't quite go to plan. An ideal companion, written by an experienced postgraduate tutor, this concise and user-friendly manual is full of practical exercises, key points, and hints and tips, which will give you the edge when dealing with the more elusive realities of medical and healthcare research.

\"Human Stem Cell Technology & Biology: A Research Guide and Laboratory Manual integrates readily accessible text, electronic and video components with the aim of effectively communicating the critical information needed to understand and culture human embryonic stem cells. Key Features: An authoritative, comprehensive, multimedia training manual for stem cell researchers. Easy to follow step-by-step laboratory protocols and instructional videos provide a valuable resource. A must-have for developing laboratory course curriculums, training courses, and workshops in stem cell biology. Perspectives written by the world leaders in the field. Introductory chapters will provide background information. The volume will be a valuable reference resource for both experienced investigators pursuing stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell research as well as those new to this field\"-- \"Current advances in human stem cell research utilize the latest tools of cell biology, molecular biology, chemistry, biomedical imaging, genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics\"--

The recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) coapprovals of several therapeutic compounds and their companion diagnostic devices (FDA News Release, 2011, 2013) to identify patients who would benefit from treatment have led to considerable interest in incorporating predictive biomarkers in clinical studies. Yet, the translation of predictive biomarkers poses unique technical, logistic, and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed by a multidisciplinary team including discovery scientists, clinicians, biomarker experts, regulatory personnel, and assay developers. These issues can be placed into four broad categories: sample collection, assay validation, sample analysis, and regulatory requirements. In this paper, we provide a primer for drug development teams who are eager to implement a predictive patient segmentation marker into an early clinical trial in a way that facilitates subsequent development of a companion diagnostic. Using examples of nucleic acid-based assays, we briefly review common issues encountered when translating a biomarker to the clinic but focus primarily on key practical issues that should be considered by clinical teams when planning to use a biomarker to balance arms of a study or to determine eligibility for a clinical study.

Facial nerve injury is a common clinical trauma involving long-term functional deficits with facial asymmetry leading to associated psychological issues and social hardship. We have recently shown that repair by hypoglossal–facial or facial–facial nerve surgical end-to-end anastomosis and suture [hypoglossal–facial anastomosis (HFA) or facial–facial anastomosis (FFA)] results in collateral axonal branching, polyinnervation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and poor function. We have also shown that another HFA repair procedure using an isogenic Y-tube (HFA + Y-tube) and involving a 10-mm gap reduces collateral axonal branching, but fails to reduce polyinnervation. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that manual stimulation (MS) of facial muscles after FFA or HFA reduces polyinnervation of NMJs and improves functional recovery. Here, we examined whether HFA + Y-tube and MS of the vibrissal muscles reduce polyinnervation and restore function. Isogenic Y-tubes were created using abdominal aortas. The proximal hypoglossal nerve was inserted into the long arm and sutured to its wall. The distal zygomatic and buccal facial nerve branches were inserted into the two short arms and likewise sutured to their walls. Manual stimulation involved gentle stroking of the vibrissal muscles by hand mimicking normal whisker movement. We evaluated vibrissal motor performance using video-based motion analysis, degree of collateral axonal branching using double retrograde labeling and the quality of NMJ reinnervation in target musculature using immunohistochemistry. MS after HFA + Y-tube reduced neither collateral branching, nor NMJ polyinnervation. Accordingly, it did not improve recovery of function. We conclude that application of MS after hypoglossal–facial nerve repair using an isogenic Y-tube is contraindicated: it does not lead to functional recovery but, rather, worsens it.

A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been revised by a committee of experts, based on input from scientists and the public. The Guide incorporates recent research on commonly used species, including farm animals, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Institutional policies and responsibilities. The committee discusses areas that require policy attention: the role and function of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, protocols for animal care and use, occupational health and safety, personnel qualifications, and other areas. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. The committee offers guidelines on how to design and run a management program, addressing environment, nutrition, sanitation, behavioral and social issues, genetics, nomenclature, and more. Veterinary care. The committee discusses animal procurement and transportation, disease and preventive medicine, and surgery. The Guide addresses pain recognition and relief and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The committee identifies design and construction issues, providing guidelines for animal-room doors, drainage, noise control, surgery, and other areas. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities-a resource of proven value, now updated and expanded. This revision will be important to researchers, animal care technicians, facilities managers, administrators at research institutions, policymakers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.

Provides timely, comprehensive coverage of in vivo chemical reactions within live animals This handbook summarizes the interdisciplinary expertise of both chemists and biologists performing in vivo chemical reactions within live animals.