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\"Sustainable development has been gaining momentum in the modern world, and the use of nanomaterials in various applications is expanding. This volume explores the increasing valuable use of green nanomaterials in energy production and storage, green nanomaterials in biomedical applications, and green nanotechnology for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Providing an overview of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of green and sustainable nanomaterials, the volume provides a varied selection of examples in practice. Key features of Advances in Green and Sustainable Nanomaterials: Applications in Energy, Biomedicine, Agriculture, and Environmental Science include: Provides valuable information on standard protocols for the synthesis of green nanomaterials; Promotes advanced technologies for applications of green and sustainable nanomaterials; Demonstrates numerous characterization tools for working with sustainable nanomaterials; Explores various application areas of the synthesized nanomaterials. With the major goal of this volume to take stock of sophistication in the development of a spectrum of recent nanomaterials that are eco-benign and sustainable, this volume will be a valuable addition to the libraries of faculty and scientists in green and sustainable chemistry and engineering.\"-- Provided by publisher.

Bacterial infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant bacteria, have seriously threatened human life and health. There is urgent to develop new antibacterial agents to reduce the problem of antibiotics. Biomedical materials with good antimicrobial properties have been widely used in antibacterial applications. Among them, hydrogels have become the focus of research in the field of biomedical materials due to their unique three-dimensional network structure, high hydrophilicity, and good biocompatibility. In this review, the latest research progresses about hydrogels in recent years were summarized, mainly including the preparation methods of hydrogels and their antibacterial applications. According to their different antibacterial mechanisms, several representative antibacterial hydrogels were introduced, such as antibiotics loaded hydrogels, antibiotic-free hydrogels including metal-based hydrogels, antibacterial peptide and antibacterial polymers, stimuli-responsive smart hydrogels, and light-mediated hydrogels. In addition, we also discussed the applications and challenges of antibacterial hydrogels in biomedicine, which are expected to provide new directions and ideas for the application of hydrogels in clinical antibacterial therapy.

The advent of porous materials, in particular zeolitic nanoparticles, has opened up unprecedented putative research avenues in nanomedicine. Zeolites with intracrystal mesopores are low framework density aluminosilicates possessing a regular porous structure along with intricate channels. Their unique physiochemical as well as physiological parameters necessitate a comprehensive overview on their classifications, fabrication platforms, cellular/macromolecular interactions, and eventually their prospective biomedical applications through illustrating the challenges and opportunities in different integrative medical and pharmaceutical fields. More particularly, an update on recent advances in zeolite-accommodated drug delivery and the prevalent challenges regarding these molecular sieves is to be presented. In conclusion, strategies to accelerate the translation of these porous materials from bench to bedside along with common overlooked physiological and pharmacological factors of zeolite nanoparticles are discussed and debated. Furthermore, for zeolite nanoparticles, it is a matter of crucial importance, in terms of biosafety and nanotoxicology, to appreciate the zeolite-bio interface once the zeolite nanoparticles are exposed to the bio-macromolecules in biological media. We specifically shed light on interactions of zeolite nanoparticles with fibrinogen and amyloid beta which had been comprehensively investigated in our recent reports. Given the significance of zeolite nanoparticles' interactions with serum or interstitial proteins conferring them new biological identity, the preliminary approaches for deeper understanding of administration, distribution, metabolism and excretion of zeolite nanoparticles are elucidated.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, owing to their high-power conversion efficiency (η %) and low-cost fabrication. In this study, we investigate the effect of Bismuth Ferrite oxide (BiFeO 3 ) in the perovskite layer of PSC to enhance the η. The aim of our study is to improve the performance of BiFeO 3 PSC by utilizing a variety of Electron Transport Layers (ETLs), including PCBM, ZnO, TiO 2 , C 60 , IGZO, SnO 2 , WS 2 , and CeO 2 , as well as Hole Transport Layers (HTLs), including Cu 2 O, CuSCN, CuSbS 2 , NiO, P 3 HT, PEDOT: PSS, Spiro-MeOTAD, CuI, CuO, V 2 O 5 , CBTS, and CFTS. Furthermore, we examined the effect of temperature, series and shunt resistances, various metal contacts, and the thickness of various layers. Future design and optimization of stable and efficient PSCs for photovoltaics may be facilitated by the proposed studies.

The ability to transform mechanical energy into electrical power is an innovative feature of Dielectric Elastomer Generators (DEGs) that have emerged as promising electromechanical devices for harvesting energy from unexpected sources. DEGs are different from conventional energy harvesting techniques in that they are compact, have an easy-to-fabricate structure, and are devoid of any revolving parts. One self-powered subclass of DEGs that excels in extracting energy from low-frequency and low-amplitude mechanical sources is the triboelectric Nano generator (TENG). In order to fully examine the performance of TENGs in practical circumstances, this work presents a modified model that accounts for variations in amplitude, frequency, and the relative permittivity of the layers of elastomer. This study investigates the performance of a modified triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using both experimental and simulation methods. A custom-designed TENG prototype was fabricated using elastomer materials Silk fibroin as top layer and PET as bottom layer with varying dielectric constants. Experimental assessments were carried out using a low-frequency mechanical shaker, while COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB were employed for simulations. Key parameters affecting TENG performance—frequency, relative permittivity, and separation distance were analyzed. Results indicate that output voltage increases with frequency up to 65 Hz, beyond which it stabilizes. Higher relative permittivity materials significantly enhance charge storage, leading to improved voltage and power generation. An optimal separation distance of 0.2 mm was identified for maximizing electrostatic interactions. Comparative analysis with existing models confirms the predictive accuracy of the modified performance model. These findings highlight the potential of TENGs for efficient low-frequency energy harvesting in wearable and environmental applications.

Nanoarchitectonics, as a post‐nanotechnology concept, represents a methodology for the construction of functional materials employing atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials as essential components. The overarching objective of nanoarchitectonics is to develop functional systems comprising multiple functional units assembled in a hierarchical manner, as observed in biological systems. Nevertheless, the construction of such functional systems is a challenging endeavor. It would be prudent, therefore, to initially focus on the development of functional materials that interact with the complex functional structures of living organisms. Accordingly, this review article addresses the topic of nanoarchitecture as it pertains to biomedical applications. This article examines the current trends in research and presents examples of studies that support the concept of nanoarchitectonics and its applications in biomedical fields. The examples presented are as follows: i) molecular nanoarchitectonics developments, which are mainly based on molecular design and assembly; ii) material nanoarchitectonics examples, which are mainly based on material design using nanomaterials as components; and iii) biomedical applications with porous materials, which will be summarized under the heading of pore‐engineered nanoarchitectonics due to their special structure. Finally, the review provides an overview of these examples and discusses future prospects. Creation of materials from the nanoworld is done by nanoarchitectonics, a post‐nanotechnology concept. This review exemplifies nanoarchitectonized materials contributing to medical applications from the perspectives of molecular nanoarchitectonics, materials nanoarchitectonics, and pore‐engineered nanoarchitectonics. Materials acting on biomedical applications are often required to be multifunctional and complicated structures. The development technologies for this purpose match well with nanoarchitectonics.

Recent advances in nanotechnology have opened up new avenues for the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Chinese herbal medicine is a natural gift to humanity, and it has long been used as an antibacterial and anticancer agent. This study will highlight recent developments in the phytonanotechnological synthesis of Chinese herbal medicines to utilize their bioactive components in biomedical and therapeutic applications. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as a promising alternative to chemical and physical approaches for various biomedical applications. The comprehensive rationale of combinational or synergistic effects of Chinese herb-based AgNPs synthesis was investigated with superior physicochemical and biological properties, and their biomedical applications, including antimicrobial and anticancer activity and wound healing properties. AgNPs can damage the cell ultrastructure by triggering apoptosis, which includes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA disintegration, protein inactivation, and the regulation of various signaling pathways. However, the anticancer mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine-based AgNPs is more complicated due to the potential toxicity of AgNPs. Further in-depth studies are required to address Chinese herbs’ various bioactive components and AgNPs as a synergistic approach to combat antimicrobial resistance, therapeutic efficiency of drug delivery, and control and prevention of newly emerged diseases.

In this paper, an ultra-compact implantable antenna for biomedical applications is proposed. The proposed implanted meandered compact patch antenna is implanted inside the body at a depth of 2 mm. The proposed antenna was designed with Roger RO3003 (ɛr = 3) as substrate with an overall size of dimensions 5 × 5 × 0.26 mm3. The radiating element is a square patch antenna with different size rectangular slots and coaxial feeding. The proposed implantable antenna resonates at 2.45 GHz (from 2.26 to 2.72 GHz) frequency with a bandwidth of 460 MHz and a gain of −22.6 dB. The specific absorption rate has been considered for health care considerations, and the result is within the limits of the federal communication commission. The measured and simulated scattering parameters are compared, and good agreements are achieved. The proposed antenna is simulated and investigated for biomedical applications suitability.

Shape memory materials have been playing an important role in a wide range of bioengineering applications. At the same time, recent developments of graphene-based nanostructures, such as nanoribbons, have demonstrated that, due to the unique properties of graphene, they can manifest superior electronic, thermal, mechanical, and optical characteristics ideally suited for their potential usage for the next generation of diagnostic devices, drug delivery systems, and other biomedical applications. One of the most intriguing parts of these new developments lies in the fact that certain types of such graphene nanoribbons can exhibit shape memory effects. In this paper, we apply machine learning tools to build an interatomic potential from DFT calculations for highly ordered graphene oxide nanoribbons, a material that had demonstrated shape memory effects with a recovery strain up to 14.5% for 2D layers. The graphene oxide layer can shrink to a metastable phase with lower constant lattice through the application of an electric field, and returns to the initial phase through an external mechanical force. The deformation leads to an electronic rearrangement and induces magnetization around the oxygen atoms. DFT calculations show no magnetization for sufficiently narrow nanoribbons, while the machine learning model can predict the suppression of the metastable phase for the same narrower nanoribbons. We can improve the prediction accuracy by analyzing only the evolution of the metastable phase, where no magnetization is found according to DFT calculations. The model developed here allows also us to study the evolution of the phases for wider nanoribbons, that would be computationally inaccessible through a pure DFT approach. Moreover, we extend our analysis to realistic systems that include vacancies and boron or nitrogen impurities at the oxygen atomic positions. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the current and potential applications of the materials exhibiting shape memory effects in bioengineering and biomedical fields, focusing on data-driven approaches with machine learning interatomic potentials.

Hydroxyapatite coatings are of great importance in the biological and biomedical coatings fields, especially in the current era of nanotechnology and bioapplications. With a bonelike structure that promotes osseointegration, hydroxyapatite coating can be applied to otherwise bioinactive implants to make their surface bioactive, thus achieving faster healing and recovery. In addition to applications in orthopedic and dental implants, this coating can also be used in drug delivery. Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Biomedical Applications explores developments in the processing and property characterization and applications of hydroxyapatite to provide timely information for active researchers and newcomers alike. In eight carefully reviewed chapters, hydroxyapatite experts from the United States, Japan, Singapore, and China present the latest on topics ranging from deposition processes to biomedical applications in implants and drug delivery. This book discusses: Magnetron sputtering and electrochemical deposition The modification of hydroxyapatite properties by sol–gel deposition to incorporate other elements found in natural bones, such as zinc, magnesium, and fluorine The use of pure hydroxyapatite in drug delivery applications The growth or self-assembly of hydroxyapatite on shape memory alloy Hydroxyapatite composite coatings—with carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and others—on the titanium alloy Offering valuable insights and a wealth of data, including numerous tables and figures, this is a rich source of information for research on hydroxyapatite coatings. Each chapter also covers material that provides an accessible stepping stone for those who are new to the field.