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"Biomedical materials"
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Gas formation and biological effects of biodegradable magnesium in a preclinical and clinical observation
Magnesium alloys are biodegradable metals receiving increasing attention, but the clinical applications of these materials are delayed by concerns over the rapid corrosion rate and gas formation. Unlike corrosion, which weakens mechanical properties, the gas formation issue has received little attention. Therefore, we evaluated the gas formation and biological effects for Mg implants through preclinical (immersed in Earle's balanced salt solution and in vivo) and clinical studies. The immersion test examined the gas volume and composition. The in vivo study also examined gas volume and histological analysis. The clinical study examined the gas volume and safety after Mg screw metatarsal fixation. Gas was mainly composed of H
2
, CO and CO
2
. Maximum volumes of gas formed after 5 days for in vivo and 7 days in clinical study. Within the clinical examination, two superficial wound complications healed with local wound care. Osteolytic lesions in the surrounding metaphysis of the Mg screw insertion developed in all cases and union occurred at 3 months. Mg implants released gas with variable volumes and composition (H
2
, CO, and CO
2
), with no long-term toxic effects on the surrounding tissue. The implants enabled bone healing, although complications of wound breakdown and osteolytic lesions developed.
Journal Article
Three dimensional printed macroporous polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for promoting bone formation in a critical-size rat calvarial defect model
We have explored the applicability of printed scaffold by comparing osteogenic ability and biodegradation property of three resorbable biomaterials. A polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composite with a pore size of 500 μm and 60% porosity was fabricated by three-dimensional printing. Three-dimensional printed PLA/HA, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and partially demineralized bone matrix (DBM) seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were evaluated by cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression of osteopontin (OPN) and collagen type I (COL-1). Moreover, the biocompatibility, bone repairing capacity and degradation in three different bone substitute materials were estimated using a critical-size rat calvarial defect model in vivo. The defects were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis at four and eight weeks after surgery, respectively. The results showed that each of the studied scaffolds had its own specific merits and drawbacks. Three-dimensional printed PLA/HA scaffolds possessed good biocompatibility and stimulated BMSC cell proliferation and differentiation to osteogenic cells. The outcomes in vivo revealed that 3D printed PLA/HA scaffolds had good osteogenic capability and biodegradation activity with no difference in inflammation reaction. Therefore, 3D printed PLA/HA scaffolds have potential applications in bone tissue engineering and may be used as graft substitutes in reconstructive surgery.
Journal Article
Biomimetics of Extracellular Matrices for Cell and Tissue Engineered Medical Products
The book summarizes the results of research on developments and experimental studies regarding cellular and tissue-engineered medical products (CTMP), including the results of original research conducted by its authors, as an alternative or temporary replacement for organ transplantation. The problems of choosing the scaffolds as extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetics and the sources of the CTMP cellular components, and finding optimal conditions for cell culturing while preserving their viability are considered. The possibility of using CTMPs both to stimulate the internal regeneration of the damaged tissue of cartilage, liver or pancreas, and to grow their tissue equivalents in a bioreactor is shown in corresponding experimental models. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the role of a multicomponent hydrogel and tissue-specific ECM mimetics in the functional effectiveness of CTMPs for stimulating internal regeneration or replacing the functions of damaged liver, pancreas and cartilage tissues was carried out. The book's important advantage for specialists is its abundance of specific examples.
eBook
Instructing cells with programmable peptide DNA hybrids
The native extracellular matrix is a space in which signals can be displayed dynamically and reversibly, positioned with nanoscale precision, and combined synergistically to control cell function. Here we describe a molecular system that can be programmed to control these three characteristics. In this approach we immobilize peptide-DNA (P-DNA) molecules on a surface through complementary DNA tethers directing cells to adhere and spread reversibly over multiple cycles. The DNA can also serve as a molecular ruler to control the distance-dependent synergy between two peptides. Finally, we use two orthogonal DNA handles to regulate two different bioactive signals, with the ability to independently up- or downregulate each over time. This enabled us to discover that neural stem cells, derived from the murine spinal cord and organized as neurospheres, can be triggered to migrate out in response to an exogenous signal but then regroup into a neurosphere as the signal is removed.
The extracellular matrix can affect cell behaviour both physically and biochemically. Here, the authors developed a substrate that is based on peptides and nucleic acids hybrids that can dynamically present signals upon demand which regulate cell adhesion and migration, thereby controlling cell organisation.
Journal Article
Tribology and sustainability
\"This book brings a vision of promoting greener, cleaner, and eco-friendly environment highlighting sustainable solutions in tribology via development of self-lubricating materials, green additives in lubricants, natural fiber reinforced materials and biomimetic approaches. Backed by supporting schematic diagrams, data tables and illustrations for easy understanding, it focusses on the recent advancements in tribology and sustainability. Global sustainability and regional requirements are addressed through chapters on natural composites, green lubricants, biomedical and wind energy systems with a dedicated chapter on Global Sustainability Scenario. Features: Highlights sustainability via new tribological approaches and how such methods are essential. Covers theoretical aspects of various tribological topics concerning mechanical and material designs for energy-efficient systems. Includes practical global sustainability based on the regional requirement of tribological research and sustainable impact. Reviews tribology of green lubricants, green additives, and lightweight materials. Discusses topics related to biomimetics and bio-tribology. This book aims at researchers, professionals and graduate students in Tribology, Surface Engineering, Mechanical Design, Materials Engineering, including Mechanical, Aerospace, Chemical and Environmental Engineering\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants
Reflecting the progress in recent years, this book provides in-depth information on the preparation, chemistry, and engineering of bioceramic coatings for medical implants. It is authored by two renowned experts with over 30 years of experience in industry and academia, who know the potentials and pitfalls of the techniques concerned.
Following an introduction to the principles of biocompatibility, they present the structures and properties of various bioceramics from alumina to zirconia. The main part of the work focuses on coating technologies, such as chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel deposition and thermal spraying. There then follows a discussion of the major interactions of bioceramics with bone or tissue cells, complemented by an overview of the in-vitro testing methods of the biomineralization properties of bioceramics. The text is rounded off by chapters on the functionalization of bioceramic coatings and a look at future trends.
As a result, the authors bring together all aspects of the latest techniques for designing, depositing, testing, and implementing improved and novel bioceramic coating compositions, providing a full yet concise overview for beginners and professionals.
eBook