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Background/AimsThis study assessed the feasibility of a novel contact lens device for intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) continuous measurements over 24 hours.MethodsThis prospective, open-label, single-centre, non-randomised study included glaucoma and healthy subjects. IOP and OPA values acquired by the pressure-measuring contact lens (PMCL) device in one patient’s eye at the beginning of the measurement were compared with tonometry values (Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT)) in the same eye just before PMCL placement. Furthermore, IOP and OPA values measured with PMCL on the study eye during a water drinking test (WDT) were compared with DCT values in the fellow eye. Comparisons were performed using t-tests with 95% Confidence Intervals.ResultsTwenty-four-hour IOP and OPA curves were obtained for eight subjects. The mean IOP difference between PMCL and tonometry on the same eye was within ±5 mm Hg in 75% (GAT) and 87.5% (DCT) of subjects. IOP variations due to WDT were detected by PMCL and DCT, showing an average increase of 2.43 and 1.85 mm Hg, respectively. Differences between PMCL and DCT for IOP variations in fellow eyes were within ±5 mm Hg for 97.2% of time points. The difference between OPA in fellow eyes was within ±5 mm Hg for 85.5% of the time points.ConclusionsThis first-in-human study is a proof-of-concept for 24-hour continuous measurements of IOP and OPA with the PMCL. This device is non-invasive and has good comparability with standard tonometry.

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial compares smartphones with wearable devices for remotely monitoring the duration of physical activity of patients after hospital discharge to home.

Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained by the AL-Scan, Lenstar LS900, Galilei, and ultrasound pachymetry (UP) in normal and cataractous eyes. Methods: Eighty eyes of healthy subjects were included in the study. Each subject was assessed by four different methods of measurements using the AL-Scan, Lenstar LS900, Galilei, and UP by a single examiner. To assess the intraobserver repeatability, three consecutive measurements were taken for the AL-Scan. Results: The mean CCT [± standard deviation (SD)] for the AL-Scan, Lenstar LS900, Galilei, and UP were 554.6 ± 30.9 μm, 542.9 ± 31.3 μm, 570.7 ± 30 μm, and 552.7 ± 32.8 μm, respectively. The differences between pairs of mean CCT for the methods are statistically significant for the pairs of Galilei-UP, AL-Scan-Galilei, and Lenstar LS900-Galilei. Bland-Altman plots showed that AL-Scan-UP have the closest agreement, followed by Lenstar-UP and AL-Scan-Lenstar. Galilei was found to have the poorest agreement with the other three methods. The intraobserver repeatability of the AL-Scan was very good with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.980. Conclusion: We found that CCT measurements between the AL-Scan-UP, Lenstar LS900-UP, and AL-Scan-Lenstar LS900 showed very strong correlation and comparable agreement. AL-Scan-UP showed the closest agreement and these devices can be used interchangeably in clinical practice. Galilei significantly showed higher value of CCT compared to other methods. It was also observed that the Al-Scan had excellent intraobserver repeatability.

To determine the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculations in eyes undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery with IOL implantation using immersion A-scan ultrasound (US) and Lenstar LS 900 ® biometry. In this prospective study, 200 eyes of 200 patients were randomized to undergo either Lenstar LS 900 ® or immersion A-scan US biometry to determine the IOL dioptric power prior to phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Post-operative refractive outcomes of these two groups of patients were compared. The result showed no significant difference between the target spherical equivalent (SE) and the post-operative SE value by the Lenstar LS 900 ® ( p value = 0.632) or immersion A-scan US biometry ( p value = 0.438) devices. The magnitude of difference between the two biometric devices were not significantly different ( p value = 0.868). There was no significant difference in the predicted post-operative refractive outcome between immersion A-scan US biometry and Lenstar LS 900 ® . Based on the results, the immersion A-scan US technique is as accurate as Lenstar LS 900 ® in the hands of an experienced operator.

PurposeTo compare the measurements and failure rates obtained with a new swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based biometry to IOLMaster 500.SettingEye Clinic, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.DesignObservational cross-sectional study and evaluation of a new diagnostic technology.Methods188 eyes of 101 subjects were included in the study. Measurements of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal power (K1 and K2) and the measurement failure rate with the new Zeiss IOLMaster 700 were compared with those obtained with the IOLMaster 500. The results were evaluated using Bland–Altman analyses. The differences between both methods were assessed using the paired samples t test, and their correlation was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe mean age was 68.32±12.71 years and the male/female ratio was 29/72. The agreements between two devices were outstanding regarding AL (ICC=1.0), ACD (ICC=0.920), K1 (ICC=0.992) and K2 (ICC=0.989) values. IOLMaster 700 was able to measure ACD AL, K1 and K2 in all eyes within high-quality SD limits of the manufacturer. IOLMaster 500 was able to measure ACD in 175 eyes, whereas measurements were not possible in the remaining 13 eyes. AL measurements were not possible for 17 eyes with IOLMaster 500. Nine of these eyes had posterior subcapsular cataracts and eight had dense nuclear cataracts.ConclusionsAlthough the agreement between the two devices was excellent, the IOLMaster 700 was more effective in obtaining biometric measurements in eyes with posterior subcapsular and dense nuclear cataracts.

Electronics are set to merge with our bodies to extend our perceptions. Smartphones and watches will give way to the bodyNET1: a network of sensors, screens and smart devices woven into our clothing, worn on our skin and implanted in our bodies (see 'Superhuman powers').

Early detection of precancerous cervical lesions is critical for improving patient management and clinical outcomes. Hyperspectral imaging has emerged as a promising non-invasive, label-free imaging modality for rapid medical diagnosis. This work presents the development of a liquid-crystal-tunable-filter-based hyperspectral colposcopy system covering the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. The proposed system integrates two tunable filters into an existing Optomic OP-C5 clinical colposcope, enabling hyperspectral acquisition from 460 to 1000 nm with 130 spectral bands at 5 nm resolution using a panchromatic camera. Two alternative acquisition strategies were investigated: (i) filtering the light received by the system, or (ii) filtering the light emitted toward the sample. In addition, wavelength-dependent exposure control was studied to compensate for reduced system sensitivity and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in low-efficiency spectral regions. The system was benchmarked against a previous custom hyperspectral implementation based on a commercial camera. The comparative analysis highlights the advantages and limitations of both approaches, demonstrating the proposed system’s suitability for integration into clinical workflows and its potential for early detection of precancerous cervical lesions during routine colposcopic examinations.

Background The accurrate and expedient ocular biometry is essential for modern cataract surgery. IOLMaster 500, one of the most popular partial coherence interferometry (PCI) device, has been widely used. However, with the PCI device, it is difficult to obtain the axial length through densely opaque media. With the current version of IOLMaster 500, a unique feature is added to link with the Synergy immersion A-scan ultrasound (sonolink connection). In case of failure to measure axial length by IOLMaster 500, the axial length can be obtained by ultrasound, and then transferred to IOLMaster 500 for the IOL power calculation. This study aims to compare the results and evaluate the agreement between IOL power and axial length obtained by IOLMaster 500 and IOLMaster 500 with sonolink connection. Methods A prospective study of 60 eyes in 60 mild-to-moderate cataract patients was conducted under Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Keratometry (K) and axial length (AL) of all eyes were measured using IOLMaster 500 (Carl Zeiss, Germany), then IOL power was generated using Holladay 1 formula (group 1). After 5 min, the K measurements were repeated with IOLMaster 500 and the AL were measured again using the Synergy A-scan ultrasound (Accutome, USA). Then, the AL data were transferred to IOLMaster 500 via the sonolink connection to generate the IOL power using the same setting (group 2). The IOL power and AL were compared between the two groups, and the agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland–Altman method. Results The mean IOL power in group 1 was 21.04 + 2.36 D and group 2 was 21.03 + 2.36 D. The mean AL in group 1 was 23.35 + 0.86 mm and in group 2 was 23.36 + 0.86 mm. There was no statistically significant difference in IOL power and AL between the two groups. The agreements in IOL power and AL between both groups were high (ICCs = 0.997 for IOL power and 0.993 for AL) Conclusions The IOL power and AL derived from both groups were similar. The agreements between them were high.

Decoupling dynamic touch signals in the optical tactile sensors is highly desired for behavioral tactile applications yet challenging because typical optical sensors mostly measure only static normal force and use imprecise multi-image averaging for dynamic force sensing. Here, we report a highly sensitive upconversion nanocrystals-based behavioral biometric optical tactile sensor that instantaneously and quantitatively decomposes dynamic touch signals into individual components of vertical normal and lateral shear force from a single image in real-time. By mimicking the sensory architecture of human skin, the unique luminescence signal obtained is axisymmetric for static normal forces and non-axisymmetric for dynamic shear forces. Our sensor demonstrates high spatio-temporal screening of small objects and recognizes fingerprints for authentication with high spatial-temporal resolution. Using a dynamic force discrimination machine learning framework, we realized a Braille-to-Speech translation system and a next-generation dynamic biometric recognition system for handwriting. A sensitive upconversion nanocrystal-based biometric optical tactile sensor instantaneously and quantitatively decomposes dynamic touch signals into individual components of vertical normal and lateral shear force from a single image in real-time.

This study aims to assess the agreement between the Pentacam AXL and IOL Master 500 in measuring biometric components and intraocular lens (IOL) power in patients with keratoconus (KCN). In this cross-sectional study, individuals aged over 60 years were randomly selected from 22 districts in Tehran. Inclusion criteria were individuals over 60 years of age, the absence of ocular pathologies aside from KCN and cataracts, no prior ocular surgeries, and no systemic diseases. Optical biometry was conducted for each eye utilizing both the Pentacam AXL and IOL Master 500 devices, with IOL power determined through six formulas: Kane keratoconus, Barret universal 2, Holladay 1, Haigis, Hoffer Q, and SRK/T, based on the biometric data acquired from each device. The agreement between the biometric measurements from the two devices and the calculated IOL powers was analyzed using the Bland-Altman method. A total of 121 eyes from 121 patients with keratoconus were examined in this study. Among these participants, 76 (62.8%) were female. The average age of the individuals was 67.66 ± 6.47 years. The 95% limits of agreement for axial length measurements, as well as K1, K2, ACD, and WTW, between the IOL Master 500 and the Pentacam AXL were recorded as -0.08 to 0.02, -1.28 to 0.79, -1.83 to 1.06, -0.16 to 0.34, and − 0.96 to 0.13, respectively. Among the six formulas utilized for calculating IOL power, a significant difference was observed between the two devices, with the Pentacam AXL consistently yielding higher power values. The most pronounced difference was noted with the Hoffer Q formula, which showed a variation of + 0.55 ± 0.92, whereas the Holladay 1 formula exhibited the least difference at + 0.34 ± 1.98. The 95% limits of agreement for IOL power calculations between the two devices, based on the Kane keratoconus, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Barrett Universal 2, Holladay 1, and Haigis formulas, were recorded as -1.14 to 2.00, -1.16 to 2.00, -1.25 to 2.37, -1.06 to 2.12, -1.20 to 2.21, and -1.01 to 2.23 respectively. The Pentacam AXL and IOL Master 500 demonstrate a good agreement in their axial length measurements. Nonetheless, discrepancies in keratometry, anterior chamber depth, and white-to-white measurements between the two devices result in variations in IOL power calculations. Additionally, the choice of formula utilized for these calculations further influences the determined power, with values obtained from the Pentacam AXL in conjunction with the Kane keratoconus formula yielding higher power estimates.