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"Biomolecules."
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A Bio-molecular Sensor Based on Optical Weak Measurement
We developed a phase-sensitive sensor based on the optical weak measurement for label-free detection of biomolecular interaction. The weak value amplification system can be implemented in common-path with total internal reflection structure. The phase difference between p and s polarizations caused by biomolecular recognition is measured by the central wavelength shift of the frequency domain weak measurement system. Structure of p and s polarizations in common-path makes system robust and stable. The applicability is illustrated by real-time monitoring interaction of biomolecules.
Journal Article
Phytohormone-like small biomolecules for microalgal biotechnology
Microalgae are highly adaptable to abiotic stress and produce valuable metabolites, but microalgal commercialization is still difficult because of minimal yields. The application of phytohormone-like small biomolecules is effective in simultaneously improving the productivity of valuable microalgal biomass-derived metabolites and stress tolerance. This represents a significant opportunity for microalgal biotechnology.
Journal Article
Targeted protein degraders crowd into the clinic
At least 15 targeted degraders — from heterobifunctional PROTACs to molecular glues — should be in patients by the end of the year.At least 15 targeted degraders — from heterobifunctional PROTACs to molecular glues — should be in patients by the end of the year.
Journal Article
The nuclear poly
The assembly of constitutive heterochromatin is a prerequisite for maintaining genome stability. However, the mechanism of heterochromatin formation has yet to be completely understood. Here, we demonstrate a crucial role of the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) Pab2/PABPN1 in promoting constitutive heterochromatin formation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus. Histone H3 Lys 9 di- and tri-methylation, hallmarks of heterochromatin, are significantly reduced at centromeres in the absence of Pab2. Pab2 forms nuclear condensates through its RNA-recognition motif (RRM) and the intrinsically disordered domain (IDR), both of which bind to centromeric non-coding RNAs. Intriguingly, two key heterochromatin factors, the histone H3 Lys9 methyltransferase Clr4 and the Mi2-type chromatin remodeler Mit1, associate with centromeres in a Pab2-dependent manner. Pab2 interacts with two putative RNA-binding proteins, the ZC3H3 ortholog Red5 and the RBM26·27 ortholog Rmn1, both essential for heterochromatin formation. Deletion of the Pab2 N-terminal region, which disrupts this interaction, largely abolishes Pab2 function, underscoring the importance of this complex. Pab2 also associates and colocalizes with Ppn1 (a PPP1R10 ortholog), a component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex, and ppn1 mutations disrupt constitutive heterochromatin. Notably, both Ppn1 and Rmn1 are able to interact with Clr4. Our findings reveal that Pab2 plays a pivotal role in heterochromatin assembly by forming nuclear condensates through its RRM/IDR, and Pab2 condensates facilitate the recruitment of Clr4 and Mit1 to centromeres, potentially through its binding proteins, Ppn1 and Rmn1. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying heterochromatin formation and highlights the importance of RNA-binding proteins and phase separation in this process.
Journal Article
Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery towards Advancing Plant Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering of plants has enhanced crop productivity in the face of climate change and a growing global population by conferring desirable genetic traits to agricultural crops. Efficient genetic transformation in plants remains a challenge due to the cell wall, a barrier to exogenous biomolecule delivery. Conventional delivery methods are inefficient, damaging to tissue, or are only effective in a limited number of plant species. Nanoparticles are promising materials for biomolecule delivery, owing to their ability to traverse plant cell walls without external force and highly tunable physicochemical properties for diverse cargo conjugation and broad host range applicability. With the advent of engineered nuclease biotechnologies, we discuss the potential of nanoparticles as an optimal platform to deliver biomolecules to plants for genetic engineering.
Plant biotechnology is key to ensuring food and energy security; however, biomolecule delivery and progeny regeneration continue to be key challenges in plant genetic engineering.
Conventional biomolecule delivery methods in plants have critical drawbacks, such as low efficiency, narrow species range, limited cargo types, and tissue damage.
Advances in nanotechnology have created opportunities to overcome limitations in conventional methods: nanoparticles are promising for species-independent passive delivery of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
The advent of nuclease-based genome editing (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9) has ushered in a new era of precise genetic engineering that, among other impacts, has enabled the development of genetically engineered crops without harsh regulatory restrictions.
The potential of nanoparticles to overcome limitations in conventional delivery makes them excellent candidates for delivery of nuclease-based genome editing cargo, thus making nanoparticle delivery a critical technology for the advancement of plant genetic engineering.
Journal Article