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\"The shocking truth is that one in fifty of us will have Bipolar Disorder at some point in our lives. If you, a friend or a family member, is diagnosed with Bipolar, or if you suspect that someone you know may have Bipolar, this book is a fantastic first port of call for advice and support. Written in a highly-accessible question and answer format, this comprehensive and compassionate guide draws on a broad range of expert opinion, the very latest research, and personal experience to explain what Bipolar Disorder is. Including numerous real-life case studies, a full list of support organisations and online resources, this book is designed to answer all your questions, from how to recognise the symptoms to how to explain to a child that their parent has been diagnosed.\" -- Provided by publisher.

Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide while the pathogenesis remains unclear. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have made great achievements in detecting disease-related genetic variants. However, functional information on the underlying biological processes is often lacking. Current reports propose the use of metabolic traits as functional intermediate phenotypes (the so-called genetically determined metabotypes or GDMs) to reveal the biological mechanisms of genetics in human diseases. Here we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis that uses GDMs to assess the causal effects of 486 human serum metabolites on 5 major psychiatric disorders, which respectively were schizophrenia (SCZ), major depression (MDD), bipolar disorder (BIP), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using genetic variants as proxies, our study has identified 137 metabolites linked to the risk of psychiatric disorders, including 2-methoxyacetaminophen sulfate, which affects SCZ (P = 1.7 × 10–5) and 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine, which affects ADHD (P = 5.6 × 10–5). Fourteen significant metabolic pathways involved in the 5 psychiatric disorders assessed were also detected, such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism for SCZ (P = .0238), Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis for both MDD (P = .0144) and ADHD (P = .0029). Our study provided novel insights into integrating metabolomics with genomics in order to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of human diseases.

\"Identifying, Assessing, and Treating Bipolar Disorder at School presents child and education practitioners with an evidence-based framework for accurate identification, assessment, and intervention of bipolar disorder. This straightforward resource clears up misconceptions about the condition, and outlines its complex presentation in young people, where it may appear in tandem with other disorders and bring challenges to treatment. By providing information to assist in referrals, consultations, and recommendations for special education, the authors give the reader a unique vantage point for improving students' learning environment and helping to facilitate the work of fellow professionals. Among the topics: Prevalence and associated conditions. Case finding, screening, and referrals. Diagnostic and psycho-educational assessment Treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Plus suggested resources to assist students and their families. Identifying, Assessing, and Treating Bipolar Disorder at School is an essential reference for school psychologists and allied educational professionals, special education teachers, speech and language therapists, counselors, clinical child psychologists, and mental health practitioners\"--Back cover.

Abstract Background and Hypothesis Probiotic augmentation offers a promising treatment for bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). By targeting microbiome deviations, they may improve both gut and brain health. Study Design In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with the multi-strain probiotic formulation Ecologic BARRIER, we aimed to improve psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, intestinal permeability, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with BD or SSD. A total of 131 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either the probiotic supplement (n = 67) or a placebo (n = 64) for 3 months, in addition to treatment-as-usual. The primary outcomes were symptom severity assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and cognitive functioning by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Study Results No significant effect of probiotics was observed on psychiatric symptoms, but borderline significant improvement was observed in the cognition category of verbal memory (Linear Mixed Model (LMM) 0.33; adjusted P = .059). Probiotics beneficially affected markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation, including zonulin (LMMserum = −18.40; adjusted P = .002; LMMfecal = −10.47; adjusted P = .014) and alpha-1 antitrypsin (LMM 9.26; adjusted P = .025). Indigestion complaints significantly decreased in male participants in the probiotics group (LMM = −0.70; adjusted P = .010). Adverse events were similar between groups. Conclusions Our study observed significant advantages of probiotics for gut health in BD and SSD, with excellent safety and tolerability. A borderline effect on verbal memory was also indicated. These results underscore the need for further research into microbiome-targeted interventions for patients with complex brain disorders.

Bipolar disorder has a yearly prevalence of 2%. Other mental and physical conditions occur with bipolar disorder, which is also associated with an increased risk of suicide. Treatment is complex and relies on lithium or intermittent use of antipsychotic drugs.

\"The powerful memoir of one woman's experience with psychiatric diagnoses and medication, and her journey to discover her true self outside the mental health system At age thirteen, Laura Delano's parents brought her to her first psychiatrist who quickly diagnosed her with bipolar disorder and started her on a treatment of psychiatric drugs. At school, Delano was the model student, earning straight-As, a national squash ranking, and elected president of her class; at home, she unleashed all the rage she felt, lashing out at her family and locking herself in her bedroom, contemplating her death. Delano's initial bipolar diagnosis marked the beginning of a life-altering saga. For the next fourteen years, she sought treatment at the country's best psychiatric hospitals, collected an expanding catalog of diagnoses, and was prescribed a medication cascade of twenty-one drugs. Delano welcomed the pharmaceutical regimen in the hopes that it would bring her stability, peace, and treatment for what she'd been convinced was an incurable, lifelong disease. But as her symptoms became more severe and untenable, and eventually deemed \"treatment resistant,\" she started to wonder if the drugs she was prescribed were contributing to her illness. After years of being an obedient patient, Delano made the radical decision to uncover her baseline-the unadulterated state-of-being where she could experience the full intensity of feelings that she'd never truly known: happiness, sadness, anger, desire, and joy. It was a decision that would require her to leave behind the diagnoses and the drugs, all she had known for the better part of her life. Weaving Delano's medical records and doctors' notes from her time in treatment with illuminating research on the drugs she was prescribed, Unshrunk questions the dominant, rarely critiqued role that the American mental health industry, and the pharmaceutical industry in particular, plays in shaping what it means to be human\"-- Provided by publisher.

Bipolar disorders are a complex group of severe and chronic disorders that includes bipolar I disorder, defined by the presence of a syndromal, manic episode, and bipolar II disorder, defined by the presence of a syndromal, hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode. Bipolar disorders substantially reduce psychosocial functioning and are associated with a loss of approximately 10–20 potential years of life. The mortality gap between populations with bipolar disorders and the general population is principally a result of excess deaths from cardiovascular disease and suicide. Bipolar disorder has a high heritability (approximately 70%). Bipolar disorders share genetic risk alleles with other mental and medical disorders. Bipolar I has a closer genetic association with schizophrenia relative to bipolar II, which has a closer genetic association with major depressive disorder. Although the pathogenesis of bipolar disorders is unknown, implicated processes include disturbances in neuronal-glial plasticity, monoaminergic signalling, inflammatory homoeostasis, cellular metabolic pathways, and mitochondrial function. The high prevalence of childhood maltreatment in people with bipolar disorders and the association between childhood maltreatment and a more complex presentation of bipolar disorder (eg, one including suicidality) highlight the role of adverse environmental exposures on the presentation of bipolar disorders. Although mania defines bipolar I disorder, depressive episodes and symptoms dominate the longitudinal course of, and disproportionately account for morbidity and mortality in, bipolar disorders. Lithium is the gold standard mood-stabilising agent for the treatment of people with bipolar disorders, and has antimanic, antidepressant, and anti-suicide effects. Although antipsychotics are effective in treating mania, few antipsychotics have proven to be effective in bipolar depression. Divalproex and carbamazepine are effective in the treatment of acute mania and lamotrigine is effective at treating and preventing bipolar depression. Antidepressants are widely prescribed for bipolar disorders despite a paucity of compelling evidence for their short-term or long-term efficacy. Moreover, antidepressant prescription in bipolar disorder is associated, in many cases, with mood destabilisation, especially during maintenance treatment. Unfortunately, effective pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorders are not universally available, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Targeting medical and psychiatric comorbidity, integrating adjunctive psychosocial treatments, and involving caregivers have been shown to improve health outcomes for people with bipolar disorders. The aim of this Seminar, which is intended mainly for primary care physicians, is to provide an overview of diagnostic, pathogenetic, and treatment considerations in bipolar disorders. Towards the foregoing aim, we review and synthesise evidence on the epidemiology, mechanisms, screening, and treatment of bipolar disorders.

Bipolar disorder is a recurrent chronic disorder characterised by fluctuations in mood state and energy. It affects more than 1% of the world's population irrespective of nationality, ethnic origin, or socioeconomic status. Bipolar disorder is one of the main causes of disability among young people, leading to cognitive and functional impairment and raised mortality, particularly death by suicide. A high prevalence of psychiatric and medical comorbidities is typical in affected individuals. Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder is difficult in clinical practice because onset is most commonly a depressive episode and looks similar to unipolar depression. Moreover, there are currently no valid biomarkers for the disorder. Therefore, the role of clinical assessment remains key. Detection of hypomanic periods and longitudinal assessment are crucial to differentiate bipolar disorder from other conditions. Current knowledge of the evolving pharmacological and psychological strategies in bipolar disorder is of utmost importance.