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How on Earth did that get there? Natural and human vectors of aquatic macrophyte global distribution
No previous study has examined the large-scale distributional drivers of the entire global pool of 3,499 macrophyte species, despite the obvious importance of this for understanding the macroecology of these plants. To assess the hypothesis that natural rather than human-related transfer vectors act as the primary long-distance drivers of global movement of aquatic macrophytes, we analysed current macrophyte species distributions in relation to a set of human-related and natural transfer vectors. Most macrophytes (2,492 species: 71.2% of the global total) are endemic to a single ecozone, and generally lack the various functional adaptations needed for successful long-distance propagule transport. Such traits are, however, common in the 1,007 (28.8%) species native in > 1 ecozone. In total, 779 species (22.3%) are introduced, naturalised or invasive (I species) in one or more ecozones outwith their native range. The proportion of I species varies between ecozones and is best predicted by annual temperature and longitude. A migratory bird transfer vector and climatic variables strongly predict global native macrophyte species occurrence. Some native species of Miocene origin (or older) may have had their world distribution influenced by ancient vicariance events, while inter-ecozone hydrochory and Late Quaternary climate change are also relevant factors influencing a few species.
Journal Article
The handbook of bird families
\"This ultimate handbook contains a comprehensive survey of the world's birds, reflecting the latest classification changes to the Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. It includes an introduction to each of the bird orders and a detailed account and concise fact panel for every one of the 234 families. It details the appearance, behaviour and lifestyle of the family members, while a glossary, further reading list and an index ensure easy reference.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Arctic shorebirds in North America
Each year shorebirds from North and South America migrate thousands of miles to spend the summer in the Arctic. There they feed in shoreline marshes and estuaries along some of the most productive and pristine coasts anywhere. With so much available food they are able to reproduce almost explosively; and as winter approaches, they retreat south along with their offspring, to return to the Arctic the following spring. This remarkable pattern of movement and activity has been the object of intensive study by an international team of ornithologists who have spent a decade counting, surveying, and observing these shorebirds. In this important synthetic work, they address multiple questions about these migratory bird populations. How many birds occupy Arctic ecosystems each summer? How long do visiting shorebirds linger before heading south? How fecund are these birds? Where exactly do they migrate and where exactly do they return? Are their populations growing or shrinking? The results of this study are crucial for better understanding how environmental policies will influence Arctic habitats as well as the far-ranging winter habitats used by migratory shorebirds.
eBook
Just like us! Birds
\"Gives young readers an up-close and personal look at how birds do things that are remarkably similar to the way humans do\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Oribatid Mites , in the Taiga Forests of the European North-East of Russia
The authors have obtained original material on the fauna and population structure of oribatid mites inhabiting nests of the European Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca, Passeriformes, hollow-nesting bird) on the territory of the taiga zone of the European North-East of Russia. Long-term research and the collection of nests were carried out in the green zone of Syktyvkar in 2017–2022. Observations were made for artificial nests (hollows) of a box type with a bottom area of 100 cm[sup.2]. The material of the tray was collected completely. In 135 studied nests of Pied Flycatchers, 1762 specimens were found and identified for 22 species of oribatid mites from 19 genera and 16 families. In the nests of the Pied Flycatcher, a complex of species was found that is known as an arboricolous species for this region; these are Oribatula (Zygoribatula) propinqua, Oribatula (Z.) exilis, Trichoribates (T.) berlesei, and Ameronothrus oblongus. We suggested that arboricolous species, as well as eurytopic species, can actively inhabit bird nests. Highly numerous in our collections were representatives of the Oribatulidae and Scheloribatidae families; they are Oribatula (Z.) propinqua, Oribatula (Z.) exilis, Oribatula (O.) tibialis, and Scheloribates laevigatus. Epigeic species are dominated by the species number. The fauna of oribatid mites mainly included widespread Holarctic species (54.54%).
Journal Article
The atlas of birds : diversity, behavior, and conservation
\"The Atlas of Birds captures the breathtaking diversity of birds, and illuminates their conservation status around the world. Full-color maps show where birds are found, both by country and terrain, and reveal how an astounding variety of behavioral adaptations -- from flight and feeding to nest building and song -- have enabled them to thrive in virtually every habitat on Earth. Maps of individual journeys and global flyways chart the amazing phenomenon of bird migration, while bird classification is explained using maps for each order and many key families. Conservation provides a strong focus throughout, with maps illustrating where and why birds are most under threat, and what is being done to protect them. Separate sections examine key factors influencing their distribution and endangering their survival, from deforestation and climate change to invasive species and the cage-bird trade. Bird groups most affected, such as island endemics, are highlighted, while a fascinating chapter explores the complex historical relationship between birds and humans, with maps and data for everything from poultry farming to birdwatching. The maps are supported by an authoritative text that uses the very latest data and case studies from BirdLife International. Packed with sumptuous photos, original diagrams, and imaginative graphics that bring the numbers to life, this book is a stunning and timely insight into perhaps the most colorful and intriguing group of organisms on our planet\"--Front flap.
Book
Song repertoires, song type sharing, and sharing of preferred song transitions in male Bachman's Sparrows /Repertorio de cantos, tipos de canto compartidos e intercambio de transiciones de canto preferidas en machos del gorrion Peucaea aestivalis
Bachman's Sparrows (Peucaea aestivalis) have unusually large song repertoires tor New World sparrows. Answering questions about their function, evolution, and development requires thorough description of these repertoires in multiple populations. Here, we quantified repertoire size, song type sharing, and sequence sharing specifically, the sharing of preferred song type transitions--of primary songs within each of 2 populations of Bachman's Sparrows at northeastern and southeastern ends of the species' breeding range. We recorded 20 males in southern North Carolina (NC) and 18 males in eastern Florida (FL). Individual repertoire size had a mean of 48-49 song types in both populations. Within each population, males shared many song types, with 80% repertoire overlap between any 2 males in NC and 49% in FL. This withinpopulation song sharing was independent of distance between males' territories. The sequence in which males sang song types was neither stereotyped nor random, and within each population, preferred song transitions were shared by all (NC) or most (FL) pairs of males. The sharing of preferred song transitions was also not correlated with the distance between territories, suggesting that birds do not adjust repertoires or song sequences in adulthood to match more closely those of territory neighbors. The function and ontogeny of the repertoire features documented here in Bachman's Sparrows -large repertoires with high sharing of both song types and preferred song transitions--invite further study. Received 2 February 2022. Accepted 24 May 2022.
Journal Article