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Minnesota Birds
Minnesota Birds was first published in 1975. This is an indispensable guidebook for birders in Minnesota, both amateur and professional, and a useful reference work for naturalists elsewhere as well. It provides information about each of the 374 species sighted in the state -- in what seasons they are present, how abundant they are, and in what areas they are likely to be found. The account for each species is divided in three sections: migration, including distribution, abundance, and dates; summer season, including breeding range and nesting records; and winter season, including distribution and abundance. Both authors are highly experienced ornithologists. Janet C. Green lives in Duluth and does much of her fieldwork on the North Shore of Lake Superior and in the northwoods. Robert B. Janssen, who lives in Chanhassen, is former editor of The Loon, the journal of the Minnesota Ornithologists’ Union, and has done fieldwork throughout the state. Harrison B. Tordoff, former director of the James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History at the University of Minnesota, writes a foreword.
eBook
A Love Affair with Birds
Imagine a Minneapolis so small that, on calm days, the roar of St. Anthony Falls could be heard in town, a time when passenger pigeons roosted in neighborhood oak trees. Now picture a dapper professor conducting his ornithology class (the university's first) by streetcar to Lake Harriet for a morning of bird-watching. The students were mostly young women-in sunhats, sailor tops, and long skirts, with binoculars strung around their necks. The professor was Thomas Sadler Roberts (1858-1946), a doctor for three decades, a bird lover virtually from birth, the father of Minnesota ornithology, and the man who, perhaps more than any other, promoted the study of the state's natural history.A Love Affair with Birdsis the first full biography of this key figure in Minnesota's past.
Roberts came to Minnesota as a boy and began keeping detailed accounts of Minneapolis's birds. These journals, which became the basis for his landmark workThe Birds of Minnesota, also inform this book, affording a view of the state's rich avian life in its early days-and of a young man whose passion for birds and practice of medicine among Minneapolis's elite eventually dovetailed in his launching of the beloved Bell Museum of Natural History.
Bird enthusiast, doctor, author, curator, educator, conservationist: every chapter in Roberts's life is also a chapter in the state's history, and in his story acclaimed author Sue Leaf-an avid bird enthusiast and nature lover herself-captures a true Minnesota character and his time.
eBook
Birds in Minnesota
An essential reference to the 400 species of birds found in Minnesota, including information on abundance, location, and seasonality.
eBook
The Empty Day
In 1889, Thomas Roberts received a letter from a man in Jackson County, in southwestern Minnesota, whom he had not met. The man, Thomas Miller, was a market hunter, one who made a living shooting large numbers of waterfowl—one hundred ducks, easily, in a single morning—and sending them to the East Coast to hang in butcher shops or grace the linen-clad tables of fancy restaurants. Miller lived on the edge of a vast shallow lake that teemed, he wrote, with birds: white pelicans and Trumpeter Swans, Whooping and Sandhill Cranes, and thousands of ducks. The wetlands were a
Book Chapter
The Young Naturalists’ Society
On a Friday evening in March 1875, seven earnest teens gathered in a home on the outskirts of Minneapolis. A bitterly cold winter was losing its grip after months of subzero temperatures, and tufts of prairie grass could be seen protruding from the crusted snow. Most of the boys lived in this neighborhood of two-storied frame houses that lay just west of the business district of First Avenue North, Hennepin Avenue, and Nicollet Avenue. At least two would walk home in the chilly blackness later that night to farms farther out of town.
The boys had recently formed a club,
Book Chapter
The Associate Curator
Thomas Roberts was ready to tear his hair out. In the August heat of 1915, he stood in a storage room in Pillsbury Hall on the University of Minnesota campus. The air was heavy with dust and humidity, and insect pests fluttered all around, signifying disaster. The Dall sheep skins collected by Jim Bell were infested with bugs feasting on their skin and hair, and someone had left open the box containing them. Winged creatures had escaped and were attacking the bird skins and other mounted specimens in the room. The scourge was everywhere—in every box Roberts had opened,
Book Chapter
Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility of swine to avian and mammalian HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b strains using a pathogenesis and transmission model. All strains replicated in the lung of pigs and caused lesions consistent with influenza A infection. However, viral replication in the nasal cavity and transmission was only observed with mammalian isolates. Mammalian adaptation and reassortment may increase the risk for incursion and transmission of HPAI viruses in feral, backyard, or commercial swine.
Journal Article
Surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in a raptor rehabilitation center—2022
An ongoing, severe outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has been circulating in wild and domestic bird populations throughout the world, reaching North America in 2021. This HPAI outbreak has exhibited unique characteristics when compared to previous outbreaks. The global distribution of disease, prolonged duration, extensive number of species and individual wild birds affected, and the large impact on the global poultry industry have all exceeded historical impacts of previous outbreaks in North America. In this study, we describe the results of HPAI surveillance conducted at The Raptor Center, a wildlife rehabilitation hospital at University of Minnesota (Saint Paul, MN, U.S.A.), from March 28th–December 31, 2022. All wild raptors admitted to the facility were tested for avian influenza viruses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. All non-negative samples were submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) National Veterinary Services Laboratories for confirmatory HPAI testing and genetic sequencing. During the study period, 996 individual birds representing 20 different species were tested for avian influenza, and 213 birds were confirmed HPAI positive. Highly pathogenic avian influenza surveillance conducted at The Raptor Center contributed 75% of the HPAI positive raptor detections within the state of Minnesota, located within the Mississippi flyway, significantly augmenting state wildlife surveillance efforts. The viral genotypes observed in birds sampled at The Raptor Center were representative of what was seen in wild bird surveillance within the Mississippi flyway during the same time frame. Wildlife rehabilitation centers provide an opportune situation to augment disease surveillance at the human, wildlife and domestic animal interface during ongoing infectious disease outbreaks.
Journal Article
Infectivity of Wild-Bird Origin Influenza A Viruses in Minnesota Wetlands across Seasons
The environmental tenacity of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in the environment likely plays a role in their transmission; IAVs are able to remain infectious in aquatic habitats and may have the capacity to seed outbreaks when susceptible wild bird hosts utilize these same environments months or even seasons later. Here, we aimed to assess the persistence of low-pathogenicity IAVs from naturally infected ducks in Northwestern Minnesota through a field experiment. Viral infectivity was measured using replicate samples maintained in distilled water in a laboratory setting as well as in filtered water from four natural water bodies maintained in steel perforated drums (hereafter, mesocosms) within the field from autumn 2020 to spring 2021. There was limited evidence for the extended persistence of IAVs held in mesocosms; from 65 initial IAV-positive samples, only six IAVs persisted to at least 202 days in the mesocosms compared to 17 viruses persisting at least this long when held under temperature-controlled laboratory settings in distilled water. When accounting for the initial titer of samples, viruses detected at a higher concentration at the initiation of the experiment persisted longer than those with a lower starting titer. A parallel experimental laboratory model was used to further explore the effects of water type on viral persistence, and the results supported the finding of reduced tenacity of IAVs held in mesocosms compared to distilled water. The results of this investigation provide evidence that many factors, including temperature and physicochemical properties, impact the duration of viral infectivity in natural settings, further extending our understanding of the potential and limitations of environmental-based methodologies to recover infectious IAVs.
Journal Article