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\"5,000 years of literature, lyrics, poems, passages, phrases, and proverbs from voices around the world\"--Book jacket.

This article utilises a recent discovery of a textual trace of black people’s self-representation in Edwardian Britain. It concerns an autograph book, currently kept in private hands, bearing entries by black students who attended the African Institute, Colwyn Bay, in around 1905. This short text speaks to the difficulty of accessing private writings and self-representations by black people who lived in Victorian- and Edwardian-era Britain. Though there exist substantial texts written by black people in late-nineteenth-century Britain, including texts of an autobiographical type (broadly defined), self-expressive writings by black people are unquestionably rare. In retracing black lives, scholars frequently piece together information from archival and print sources. The autograph book is itself a work of fragments, though given their autobiographical character they are both rare and valuable: quotations from Shakespeare, sketches, original verse, epigrams, and quotations from scripture. These writings afford some degree of insight into the personalities of the students, who are otherwise generally represented by onlookers in the primary and secondary literature of the Institute.

This article analyzes environmental governance and black geographies to explore the connections between Brazil's erstwhile populist government and President Michel Temer's conservative administration. Although on the surface Temer's austere approach appears to put him at fundamental odds with the Workers' Party's populist emphasis on social welfare and wealth redistribution, this article argues that Brazilian populism and conservatism contain striking similarities vis-à-vis the environment and racialized violence. I examine the ways in which natural resource extraction was a central component of governance under the Workers' Party and persists under Temer. By analyzing the struggles of three black communities in the state of Bahia, I draw particular attention to the ways in which a reliance on extractivism contributes to racialized landscapes, because these communities' autonomous territories remain grievously threatened. This article points out that the environmental tendencies of the new conservative government are not novel so much as they are a fulfillment of a trend propagated under the auspices of populism. This is not, however, the final word on the topic, because affected communities resist the environmental effects of extractive industry. Although extractive measures remain central to Brazilian governance, social movements like those in Bahia nonetheless enact a politics and counternotion of the environment that establish alternative ways of life. Key Words: black geographies, Brazil, environmental racism, Workers' Party. 本文分析环境治理与黑色地理学来探讨巴西过往的民粹政府和总统米歇尔．特梅尔的保守政府之间的连结。尽管表面上特梅尔的撙节政策似乎使其与工党强调社会福利与财富重分配的民粹诉求呈现根本上的对立，但本文主张，巴西的民粹主义和保守主义在面对环境与种族暴力上，包含了惊人的相似性。我检视自然资源搾取的方式作为工党政府的核心构成要件，并在特梅尔执政下持续如此。我通过分析巴伊亚州内三大黑人社群的抗争，特别关注对搾取主义的依赖如何导致种族化的地景，因为这些社群的自治领土仍然悲惨地受到威胁。本文指出，新保守主义政府的环境倾向并不新颖，而是体现民粹主义兴盛下普及的趋势。但这并不是该议题的最终结论，因为受影响的社群正在反抗搾取产业的环境影响。尽管搾取措施仍然是巴西治理的核心，诸如在巴伊亚的社会运动，仍然启动了能够建立另类生活方式的政治及反抗的环境概念。关键词：黑色地理学，巴西，环境种族主义，工党。 Este artículo analiza la gobernanza ambiental y las geografías negras para explorar las conexiones entre el anterior gobierno populista y la nueva administración conservadora del presidente Michel Temer. Si bien en la superficie el austero enfoque de Temer pareciera colocarlo en desacuerdo fundamental con el énfasis populista del Partido de los Trabajadores, en bienestar social y redistribución de la riqueza, este artículo arguye que el populismo y el conservatismo brasileños muestran notables semejanzas, con respecto al medio ambiente y la violencia racializada. Examino los modos como la extracción de recursos naturales fue un componente central de la gobernanza bajo el Partido de los Trabajadores, lo cual persiste bajo Temer. Analizando las luchas de tres comunidades negras en el estado de Bahía, pongo particular atención a las maneras como una confianza en el extractivismo contribuye a los paisajes racializados, debido a que los territorios autónomos de estas comunidades siguen seriamente amenazados. Este artículo indica que las tendencias ambientales del nuevo gobierno conservador no son mayormente novedosas en cuanto que son la culminación de una tendencia propagada con los auspicios del populismo. No obstante, esta no es la última palabra sobre el tópico, porque las comunidades afectadas oponen resistencia a los efectos ambientales de la industria extractiva. Aunque las medidas extractivas siguen siendo centrales a la gobernanza brasileña, movimientos sociales como los que ocurren en Bahía promueven, sin embargo, una política y una contra-intención del medio ambiente que establecen medios de vida alternativos. Palabras clave: Brasil, geografías negras, racismo ambiental, Partido de los Trabajadores.

\"No people are more talked about and no people seem more imperfectly understood. Those who see us every day seem not to know us.\"—Frederick Douglass on African Americans \"There is no negro problem. The problem is whether the American people have loyalty enough, honor enough, patriotism enough, to live up to their own constitution.\"—on civil rights \"Woman should have justice as well as praise, and if she is to dispense with either, she can better afford to part with the latter than the former.\"—on women \"The thing worse than rebellion is the thing that causes rebellion.\"—on rebellion \"A man is never lost while he still earnestly thinks himself worth saving; and as with a man, so with a nation.\"—on perseverance \"I am ever pleased to see a man rise from among the people. Every such man is prophetic of the good time coming.\"—on Lincoln Frederick Douglass, a runaway Maryland slave, was witness to and participant in some of the most important events in the history of the American Republic between the years of 1818 and 1895. Beginning his long public career in 1841 as an agent of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, Douglass subsequently edited four newspapers and championed many reform movements. An advocate of morality, economic accumulation, self-help, and equality, Douglass supported racial pride, constant agitation against racial discrimination, vocational education for blacks, and nonviolent passive resistance. He was the only man who played a prominent role at the 1848 meeting in Seneca Falls that formally launched the women's rights movement. He was a temperance advocate and opposed capital punishment, lynching, debt peonage, and the convict lease system. A staunch defender of the Liberty and Republican parties, Douglass held several political appointments, frequently corresponded with leading politicians, and advised Presidents Lincoln, Grant, Hayes, Garfield, and Harrison. He met with John Brown before his abortive raid on Harpers Ferry, helped to recruit African American troops during the Civil War, attended most national black conventions held between 1840 and 1895, and served as U.S. ambassador to Haiti. Frederick Douglass has left one of the most extensive bodies of significant and quotable public statements of any figure in American history. In the Words of Frederick Douglass is a rich trove of quotations from Douglass. The editors have compiled nearly seven hundred quotations by Douglass that demonstrate the breadth and strength of his intellect as well as the eloquence with which he expressed his political and ethical principles. \"No people are more talked about and no people seem more imperfectly understood. Those who see us every day seem not to know us.\"—Frederick Douglass on African Americans \"There is no negro problem. The problem is whether the American people have loyalty enough, honor enough, patriotism enough, to live up to their own constitution.\"—on civil rights \"Woman should have justice as well as praise, and if she is to dispense with either, she can better afford to part with the latter than the former.\"—on women \"The thing worse than rebellion is the thing that causes rebellion.\"—on rebellion \"A man is never lost while he still earnestly thinks himself worth saving; and as with a man, so with a nation.\"—on perseverance \"I am ever pleased to see a man rise from among the people. Every such man is prophetic of the good time coming.\"—on Lincoln Frederick Douglass, a runaway Maryland slave, was witness to and participant in some of the most important events in the history of the American Republic between the years of 1818 and 1895. Beginning his long public career in 1841 as an agent of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, Douglass subsequently edited four newspapers and championed many reform movements. An advocate of morality, economic accumulation, self-help, and equality, Douglass supported racial pride, constant agitation against racial discrimination, vocational education for blacks, and nonviolent passive resistance. He was the only man who played a prominent role at the 1848 meeting in Seneca Falls that formally launched the women's rights movement. He was a temperance advocate and opposed capital punishment, lynching, debt peonage, and the convict lease system. A staunch defender of the Liberty and Republican parties, Douglass held several political appointments, frequently corresponded with leading politicians, and advised Presidents Lincoln, Grant, Hayes, Garfield, and Harrison. He met with John Brown before his abortive raid on Harpers Ferry, helped to recruit African American troops during the Civil War, attended most national black conventions held between 1840 and 1895, and served as U.S. ambassador to Haiti. Frederick Douglass has left one of the most extensive bodies of significant and quotable public statements of any figure in American history. In the Words of Frederick Douglass is a rich trove of quotations from Douglass. The editors have compiled nearly seven hundred quotations by Douglass that demonstrate the breadth and strength of his intellect as well as the eloquence with which he expressed his political and ethical principles.

PurposeAfrican-American (AA) female cancer survivors share a disproportionate burden of diabetes compared to their white counterparts. Our objectives were to explore the perspectives of AA survivors with type 2 diabetes on perceived barriers to physical activity (PA) and preferences for a PA intervention and develop a framework for a PA program after cancer treatment.MethodsTrained interviewers conducted semi-structured interviews with AA survivors of breast or endometrial cancer with diabetes (total n = 20; 16 breast, 4 endometrial). Thirteen open-ended questions were posed to stimulate discussions, which were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two investigators independently reviewed transcriptions and extracted coded quotations to identify major themes.ResultsMedian age of participants was 63 years. Nine themes were identified that focused on post-treatment physical symptoms (e.g., lymphedema, bone/joint pain, depression symptoms and self-motivation as barriers to PA, exercise routines tailored to physical limitations and peer partners and program leaders who understand their emotional health needs). The S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework summarizes the survivors’ preferences for an effective lifestyle intervention: Support efforts to maintain PA, Understand physical and depression symptoms, Collaborate with multi-disciplinary provider, Coordinate in-person intervention activities, Encourage partnerships among survivors for comorbidity risk reduction, develop Sustainable coping strategies for side effects of treatment, and Share local community resources.ConclusionsSurvivors verbalized the need for a multi-disciplinary team to assist with their psychosocial needs and physical limitations to achieve their PA goals, as integrated into the S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework.Implications for cancer survivorsThe S.U.C.C.E.S.S. framework reflects the perspectives of survivors with type 2 diabetes and may help to inform post-treatment programs.

Derivatives pricing models based on arbitrage produce a single no-arbitrage option value. In theory, trading by arbitrageurs will force the market price to equal this value. However, the real world is full of frictions and uncertainty, and there is always a range in which the market price may wander without becoming sufficiently mispriced to touch off arbitrage trades. Under weaker assumptions, as explored in this article, such a range should encompass a convex set of prices such that the net payout has positive expected value under a broad set of supporting probability distributions and is closed under scaling, which makes it a mathematical cone. Madan and Schoutens use this principle to develop a theory ofconic option pricing , in which an upper and lower bound on an option's price are obtained by applying two deformations to the probability density for returns. Where the market price is expected to fall within these bounds is based on the principle that order flow for buying and selling should balance out on average. The resulting valuation does not require a specific density, such as lognormal (this article uses the variance-gamma process). Rather, it specifies how the density chosen by the user should be modified to produce the bounds. An empirical demonstration of the approach using seven years of options data on 208 underlying assets shows that market prices obey the pricing bounds quite well. An interesting and valuable extension is the valuation of delta and delta-gamma hedged positions, which naturally produce much tighter bounds.

I Am Because We Are features 125 black and white photographs by Betty Press taken all over East and West Africa since 1987, combined with related African proverbs compiled by Annetta Miller, an American born in Tanzania. The book highlights the importance of proverbs in educating members of African societies on how to think, how to behave, and how to have a better life. Press took these photographs with the goal of making a significant educational and artistic contribution to the appreciation and understanding of African culture and society as well as our own. The photographs of daily life deal with knowledge, cooperation, love, beauty, friendship, hope, humor, sorrow, happiness, gratitude, dance, tradition, faith, peace, war, death, and human relationships. These are the same themes found in African proverbial language. Thus came the natural idea of coupling images with proverbs. Together they offer a powerful expression of African life and the universality of human emotions, ideas, and knowledge.

This paper develops a new approach to obtain the price and risk sensitivities of basket options which have a volatility smile. Using this approach, the Black–Scholes model and the Stochastic Volatility Inspired model have been used to obtain an approximate analytical pricing formula for basket options with a volatility smile. It is found that our approximate formula is quite accurate by comparing it with Monte Carlo simulations. It is also proved the option value of our approach is consistent with the option value generated by Levy’s and Gentle’s approaches for typical ranges of volatility. Further, we give a theoretical proof that the option values from Levy’s and Gentle’s works are the upper bound and the lower bound, respectively, for our option value. The calibration procedure and a practical example are provided. The main advantage of our approach is that it provides accurate and easily implemented basket option prices with volatility smile and hedge parameters and avoids the need to use time-consuming numerical procedures such as Monte Carlo simulation.

Recent Shakespearean celebrations have highlighted the connection with South Africa, particularly in the form of the iconic 'Robben Island Bible', the volume of Shakespeare's collected works in which political prisoners on Robben Island marked their favourite quotations. This provides my starting point for an investigation into the historical origins of black South African engagement with Shakespeare. I present new evidence on the first recorded performances of Shakespeare by black South Africans - at the Anglican 'Kafir Institution' in Grahamstown (Eastern Cape) in the 1860s and 1870s. I see this as not so much a consequence of the inevitable spread of Shakespeare from the metropolitan centre to the far reaches of empire but as arising from a particular conjunction of individuals, ideologies and circumstances, a Shakespeare more chosen than imposed. I conclude by pointing to parallels between the mid-Victorian 'civilizing mission', central to the episode, and some contemporary manifestations of a universal Shakespeare.

This article analyses the express certificates formation on the financial market. Express certificates are one type of modern structured products suitable for individual investors, the return of which is derived from the return of the underlying asset. There are detailed descriptions of these products with the aim of showing the nature of the express certificates formation. It is proved that the payoff of the express certificates is engineered from a combination of traditional financial instrument with the derivative products, especially vanilla and barrier options. Theoretical price of vanilla and barrier options are calculated through option pricing models. The main aim of this article is to provide an analysis of the express certificates formation on the shares (Daimler AG and Allianz SE) issued by Deutsche Bank AG. The objective of the analysis is to contribute to the intellectualisation of all investors.