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"Blacks Race identity Caribbean Area History 19th century."
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The fear of French negroes
The Fear of French Negroes is an interdisciplinary study that explores how people of African descent responded to the collapse and reconsolidation of colonial life in the aftermath of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1845). Using visual culture, popular music and dance, periodical literature, historical memoirs, and state papers, Sara E. Johnson examines the migration of people, ideas, and practices across imperial boundaries. Building on previous scholarship on black internationalism, she traces expressions of both aesthetic and experiential transcolonial black politics across the Caribbean world, including Hispaniola, Louisiana and the Gulf South, Jamaica, and Cuba. Johnson examines the lives and work of figures as diverse as armed black soldiers and privateers, female performers, and newspaper editors to argue for the existence of \"competing inter-Americanisms\" as she uncovers the struggle for unity amidst the realities of class, territorial, and linguistic diversity. These stories move beyond a consideration of the well-documented anxiety insurgent blacks occasioned in slaveholding systems to refocus attention on the wide variety of strategic alliances they generated in their quests for freedom, equality and profit.
eBook
Diplomacy in Black and White
From 1798 to 1801, during the Haitian Revolution, President John Adams and Toussaint Louverture forged diplomatic relations that empowered white Americans to embrace freedom and independence for people of color in Saint-Domingue. The United States supported the Dominguan revolutionaries with economic assistance and arms and munitions; the conflict was also the U.S. Navy's first military action on behalf of a foreign ally. This cross-cultural cooperation was of immense and strategic importance as it helped to bring forth a new nation: Haiti.Diplomacy in Black and Whiteis the first book on the Adams-Louverture alliance. Historian and former diplomat Ronald Angelo Johnson details the aspirations of the Americans and Dominguans-two revolutionary peoples-and how they played significant roles in a hostile Atlantic world. Remarkably, leaders of both governments established multiracial relationships amid environments dominated by slavery and racial hierarchy. And though U.S.-Dominguan diplomacy did not end slavery in the United States, it altered Atlantic world discussions of slavery and race well into the twentieth century.Diplomacy in Black and Whitereflects the capacity of leaders from disparate backgrounds to negotiate political and societal constraints to make lives better for the groups they represent. Adams and Louverture brought their peoples to the threshold of a lasting transracial relationship. And their shared history reveals the impact of decisions made by powerful people at pivotal moments. But in the end, a permanent alliance failed to emerge, and instead, the two republics born of revolution took divergent paths.
eBook
Development and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in Brazil: 1950-1991
The issue of skin-color inequality in Brazil is addressed by examining the relationship between socioeconomic development and the disparities between Whites and Afro-Brazilians using data from the 1950 through 1991 demographic censuses. An overview of three key phases of Afro-Brazilian history is given: 1. the late 1800s to the 1940s: national identity and the emergence of the racial democracy thesis, 2. the 1950s to the 1960s: early challenges to racial democracy, and 3. the 1970s to the 1990s: the return to political democracy and the struggle for social justice. It is shown that the consequences of the transformations in Brazilian society that have taken place over the last five decades were both subtle and varied with respect to the life chances of people of different skin color - narrowing disparities in some instances, widening them in others. Finally, the empirical results provide the basis to reflect on the relevance of Brazil's system of race relations to the general understanding of economic development and racial inequality.
Journal Article