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Blending effect of color blended yarns, which plays a critical important role to the fabrics styles, is affected by yarn structure, spinning processes, and blending methods. In this study, color blended viscose yarns were produced by compact ring spinning, rotor spinning and air-jet vortex spinning with single-passage and three-passage color-blended slivers. The blending effect of these yarns was evaluated by Hamilton transfer index. Additionally, yarn performance was tested, compared and analyzed, including strength, hairiness and evenness. Results show that the blending effect of the rotor spun yarns is the best with both types of slivers. Even though such yarns have wrap fibers on the surface like the air-jet vortex yarns, the yarn structures are different. Compared to the tightly wrapped fiber on the rotor-spun yarns, wrapped fibers form a shield on core fibers of the air-jet vortex yarns. Among the three types of yarns, compact ring yarns have higher mean value of evenness and its value also changes with the passage number of sliver, yarn linear density and the spinning method. Hairiness of air-jet vortex yarn is the lowest, followed by rotor spun yarn and then the compact ring-spinning yarn. While physical performance such as tenacity, breaking elongation, and break work of compact-ring-spinning yarns are the greatest among the three types of yarns.

In this study, PLA-TPU blends with different component ratios were prepared and printed by melt blending and fused deposition modeling (FDM), respectively. The shape memory effect (SME) was investigated considering the effect of loading mode, programming deformation, and temperature for three combinations of PLA50, 70, and 90 wt%. The results of the thermal analysis showed that each compound had two glass transition temperatures in the range of −20 and 67 °C, which return to TPU and PLA, respectively. SEM results confirmed that TPU droplets are observed in the PLA matrix and the printed samples had stretched the TPU phase. In both loading modes, with the increase in PLA concentration, the fixity ratio increased and the highest shape recovery value was obtained in the PLA70 samples, although the values were very close to PLA50. The crystalline segments of PLA, as a net point, play an essential role in restoring the original shape, and by increasing the amount of PLA, stricter limitations are created. In the compression mode, although the programming stress was the highest in the cold-programmed sample, the highest stress was released in the warm-programmed samples. The maximum recovery stress value for PLA70 was 12.85 MPa, which can be effective in reducing the limitations of applications for shape memory polymers. The shape recovery ratio was in the 90.9–96.4% range under compression loading. Also, the cold-programmed samples showed the highest and lowest fixity and recovery ratios. The results of this research show that by changing the composition and programming temperature, the desired properties for different applications can be achieved so that the highest fixity, recovery, and stress recovery were obtained in hot, cold, and warm-programmed samples by manipulating the input energy and temperature. Graphical abstract

We describe an updated calibration and diagnostic framework, Balrog, used to directly sample the selection and photometric biases of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 (Y3) data set. We systematically inject onto the single-epoch images of a random 20% subset of the DES footprint an ensemble of nearly 30 million realistic galaxy models derived from DES Deep Field observations. These augmented images are analyzed in parallel with the original data to automatically inherit measurement systematics that are often too difficult to capture with generative models. The resulting object catalog is a Monte Carlo sampling of the DES transfer function and is used as a powerful diagnostic and calibration tool for a variety of DES Y3 science, particularly for the calibration of the photometric redshifts of distant “source” galaxies and magnification biases of nearer “lens” galaxies. The recovered Balrog injections are shown to closely match the photometric property distributions of the Y3 GOLD catalog, particularly in color, and capture the number density fluctuations from observing conditions of the real data within 1% for a typical galaxy sample. We find that Y3 colors are extremely well calibrated, typically within ∼1–8 mmag, but for a small subset of objects, we detect significant magnitude biases correlated with large overestimates of the injected object size due to proximity effects and blending. We discuss approaches to extend the current methodology to capture more aspects of the transfer function and reach full coverage of the survey footprint for future analyses.

We present a set of multiwavelength mosaics and photometric catalogs in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) lensing cluster survey fields. The catalogs were built by the reprocessing of archival data from the Complete Hubble Archive for Galaxy Evolution compilation, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey, Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble, and Hubble Frontier Fields. Additionally, we have reconstructed the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera 3.6 and 4.5 μm mosaics, by utilizing all the available archival IPAC Infrared Science Archive/Spitzer Heritage Archive exposures. To alleviate the effect of blending in such a crowded region, we have modeled the Spitzer photometry by convolving the HST detection image with the Spitzer point-spread function using the novel golfir software. The final catalogs contain 218,000 sources, covering a combined area of 690 arcmin2, a factor of ∼2 improvement over the currently existing photometry. A large number of detected sources is a result of reprocessing of all available and sometimes deeper exposures, in conjunction with a combined optical–near-IR detection strategy. These data will serve as an important tool in aiding the search of the submillimeter galaxies in future ALMA surveys, as well as follow-ups of the HST dark and high-z sources with JWST. Coupled with the available HST photometry, the addition of the 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands will allow us to place a better constraint on the photometric redshifts and stellar masses of these objects, thus giving us an opportunity to identify high-redshift candidates for spectroscopic follow-ups and to answer the important questions regarding the Epoch of Reionization and formation of the first galaxies. The mosaics, photometric catalogs, and the best-fit physical properties are publicly available at https://github.com/dawn-cph/alcs-clusters.

As a crucial material for road repairs, the emulsification performance of emulsified asphalt directly affects its storage stability and construction efficiency. This study systematically analyzes the effects of emulsifier blending, emulsification temperature, soap solution pH, and stabilizer dosage on emulsification performance. The results demonstrate that the emulsifier blend of Y13 and Y2 at a ratio of 8:2 achieved optimal emulsification and stability. The ideal emulsification temperature was found to be 65 ± 5 °C, with a soap solution pH range of 2 ∼ 3, and the stabilizer dosage should be controlled within 3.0‰. This study provides theoretical guidance for the design and application of asphalt emulsifiers.

Firele multicolore de lână au fost filate prin tehnologia de filare cu rotor cu 3 canale si a fost studiată caracteristica de culoare a ţesăturii obţinută din aceste fire. Firele cu diferite rapoarte de amestecare a culorilor sunt filate din semitorturi pure de lână rosie, galbenă si albastră si apoi ţesute. Modelarea amestecului de culori pentru ţesătura obţinută, corespunzător teoriei constante duble Kubelka-Munk, a fost realizată folosind două metode distincte: metoda celor mai mici pătrate si metoda valorii relative. Modelul a fost verificat prin calcularea diferenţei de culoare dintre proba de ţesătură si proporţia de amestecare a fibrelor colorate. Rezultatele au arătat că diferenţele medii de culoare ale probelor obţinute prin modelare sunt mai mici de 1,0, folosind oricare dintre metode. Eroarea medie a raportului de amestecare a fibrelor colorate, calculată utilizând modelul prin metodele de mai sus, este de 1,77% si, respectiv, de 2,38%. Se poate concluziona că, în comparaţie cu metoda valorii relative, metoda celor mai mici pătrate este mai bună pentru modelul K-M, în scopul predincţiei efectului de amestecare a culorilor si pentru raportul de amestecare al probelor.

In this paper, the effect of ammonia blending ratio from 0% to 100% on the engine power performance was investigated using numerical simulation at different speeds (1000, 2000 and 3000) rpm for a single cylinder ignition type internal combustion engine LPG-NH3 dual fuel. It was found that the best engine power performance was achieved at 70% ammonia blending ratio with an increase in brake power and brake torque of around 18% compared to pure LPG.

Partial prezygotic isolation is often viewed as more important than partial postzygotic isolation (low fitness of hybrids) early in the process of speciation. I simulate secondary contact between two populations (species) to examine effects of assortative mating and low hybrid fitness in preventing blending. A small reduction in hybrid fitness (e.g., by 10%) produces a narrower hybrid zone than a strong but imperfect mating preference (e.g., 10 times stronger preference for conspecific over heterospecific mates). In the latter case, rare F₁ hybrids find each other attractive (due to assortative mating), leading to the buildup of a continuum of intermediates. The weakness of assortative mating compared with reduced fitness of hybrids in preventing blending is robust to varying genetic bases of these traits. Assortative mating is most powerful in limiting blending when it is encoded by a single locus or is essentially complete, or when there is a large mate search cost. In these cases assortative mating is likely to cause hybrids to have low fitness, due to frequency-dependent mating disadvantage of individuals of rare mating types. These results prompt a questioning of the concept of partial prezygotic isolation, since it is not very isolating unless there is also postzygotic isolation.

Various parameters of a melt blending processing including the extruders’ type, processing conditions (barrel temperature, screw speed and screw configuration), shear rate, residence time and distribution in relation to the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites were qualitatively reviewed. The tensile, flexural and impact strengths and their moduli of the composites were discussed. It was found that the tensile modulus of the extruded nano-sized fillers-reinforced polymers is highly influenced by these fillers’ distribution and their planner orientation in the polymeric matrix. The use of intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruders can provide better exfoliated/intercalated nanocomposites' structure with superior mechanical strength when compared to the composites made by the other processing methods. However, it was noticed that the tensile strength of the composite is not substantially affected by changing the melt blending processing parameters.

This study addresses these limitations by preparing PMMA/SiO2-g-PMMA/TPP composites via melt blending and utilizing the synergistic effect between SiO2-g-PMMA and TPP. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful synthesis of SiO2-g-PMMA with effective grafting. Fire safety tests revealed that increasing triphenyl phosphate (TPP) content in the PMMA5SiO2-g-PMMA system significantly improved flame retardancy, with reduced heat release, increased limiting oxygen index (LOI), and achieved vertical burning (UL-94) ratings, demonstrating a synergistic effect superior to TPP alone. Thermal stability was enhanced, as shown by increased decomposition temperatures and residual char, attributed to promoted char formation. Additionally, the composites retained good transparency due to matched refractive indices and uniform dispersion of SiO2-g-PMMA.