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From their distinctive experience of going around the world, maritime circumnavigators concluded that their characteristic disease, sea scurvy, must result from their being away from land too long, much longer than any other sailors. They offered their scorbutic bodies as proof that humans were terrestrial creatures, physically suited to the earthly parts of a terraqueous globe. That arresting claim is at odds with the current literature on the cultural implications of European expansion, which has emphasized early modern colonists' and travelers' fear of alien places, and has concluded that they had a small and restricted geographic imagination that fell short of the planetary consciousness associated with the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. But circumnavigators did conceive of themselves as actors on a planetary scale, as creatures adapted to all of the land on Earth, not just their places of origin.

\"Travels, Explorations and Empires: Writings from the Era of Imperial Expansion 1770-1835\" and \"North America\" edited by Tim Fulford are reviewed.

It has style, but substance is more notional, and subjectivity and relativity outweigh content and objectivity.The late Greg Dening (1931-2008) produced a number of distinctively reinterpretive works relating to the Pacific, most notably one on Captain William Bligh and the Bounty (Cambridge, UK, 1992), but nothing as indulgently selfreferential as Beach Crossings. [...] it is here, too, but the prevailing subject of discussion is a topographical feature invoked as a metaphor of protean application for the significant shifts of bearing that can occur amid the uncertainties and ambiguities of the human condition; that is, the beach.

Fiennes reviews \"Serpent in Paradise\" by Dea Birkett.

Taking Antarctica's temperature involves considerable mathematical skill and leaves much room for statistical disagreement. The disagreement has just become a lot less polite, as several scientists exchanged the blogosphere equivalents of declarations of war. One side claims that Antarctica--a continent which holds 90 per cent of the world's ice--is warming significantly. The other side claims this is not so. The battle has implications far beyond Antarctica. It has exposed a real problem of bias in scientific journals.

Rigby, Nigel and others. Pioneers of the Past: Voyages of Exploration, 1787-1810. 2005. 144p. illus. index. Univ. of Alaska, $26.95 (1-889963-76-3). 995.