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"Blind people"
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Things not seen
When fifteen-year-old Bobby wakes up and finds himself invisible, he and his parents and his new blind friend Alicia try to find out what caused his condition and how to reverse it.
Book
Drawing as a tool for investigating the nature of imagery representations of blind people: The case of the canonical size phenomenon
Several studies have shown that blind people, including those with congenital blindness, can use raised-line drawings, both for “reading” tactile graphics and for drawing unassisted. However, research on drawings produced by blind people has mainly been qualitative. The current experimental study was designed to investigate the under-researched issue of the size of drawings created by people with blindness. Participants (
N
= 59) varied in their visual status. Adventitiously blind people had previous visual experience and might use visual representations (e.g., when visualising objects in imagery/working memory). Congenitally blind people did not have any visual experience. The participant’s task was to draw from memory common objects that vary in size in the real world. The findings revealed that both groups of participants produced larger drawings of objects that have larger actual sizes. This means that the size of familiar objects is a property of blind people’s mental representations, regardless of their visual status. Our research also sheds light on the nature of the phenomenon of canonical size. Since we have found the canonical size effect in a group of people who are blind from birth, the assumption of the visual nature of this phenomenon – caused by the ocular-centric biases present in studies on drawing performance – should be revised.
Journal Article
Blindsided
After years of failing eyesight, fourteen-year-old Natalie reluctantly enters a school for the blind, where in spite of her initial resistance she learns the skills that will help her survive in the sighted world.
Book
A Dual-Field Sensing Scheme for a Guidance System for the Blind
An electronic guidance system is very helpful in improving blind people’s perceptions in a local environment. In our previous work “Lin, Q.; Han, Y. A Context-Aware-Based Audio Guidance System for Blind People Using a Multimodal Profile Model. Sensors 2014, 14, 18670–18700”, a context-aware guidance system using a combination of a laser scanner and a camera was proposed. By using a near-field graphical model, the proposed system could interpret a near-field scene in very high resolution. In this paper, our work is extended by adding a far-field graphical model. The integration of the near-field and the far-field models constitutes a dual-field sensing scheme. In the near-field range, reliable inference of the ground and object status is obtained by fusing range data and image data using the near-field graphical model. In the far-field range, which only the camera can cover, the far-field graphical model is proposed to interpret far-field image data based on appearance and spatial prototypes built using the near-field interpreted data. The dual-field sensing scheme provides a solution for the guidance systems to optimise their scene interpretation capability using simple sensor configurations. Experiments under various local conditions were conducted to show the efficiency of the proposed scheme in improving blind people’s perceptions in urban environments.
Journal Article
Love and first sight : a novel
\"Sixteen-year-old blind teen Will Porter undergoes an experimental surgery that enables him to see for the first time, all while navigating a new school, new friends, and a crush\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Simulation-Based Clarification of Appropriate Factors for Presenting Phosphene in Two Directions Avoiding Electrical Interference
Walking support systems are essential for blind people. In this study, the presentation of phosphene position is focused on as a method to detect obstacles for blind people. When the phosphene is used in a walking support system, it is necessary to accurately present the phosphene in at least three directions of the visual field. Controlling the presentation of phosphene position has been reported in several previous studies. However, methodologies to present phosphene in multiple directions without any electric interference have not as yet been investigated. In this study, therefore, appropriate stimulation factors are clarified by the simulation of electric field on the eyeball surface which is strongly related to the presentation of phosphene position in the visual field. As a result of the simulation, it was revealed that the distance of each electrode does not give a significant effect to the eyeball surface. However, the phase of alternating current significantly changed the electric field on the eyeball surface. From investigation of the simulation results, it was clarified that the transition of the electric field on the eyeball surface can be controlled using anti-phase stimulation. In addition, the methodology to present the phosphene at least in two directions was verified.
Journal Article
The country of the blind : a memoir at the end of sight
\"A witty, winning, and revelatory personal narrative of the author's transition from sightedness to blindness and his quest to learn all he can about blindness as a distinct and rich culture all its own We meet Andrew Leland as he's suspended in the strange liminal state of the soon-to-be blind: He's midway through his life with retinitis pigmentosa, a condition that ushers those who live with it from complete sightedness to complete blindness over a period of years, even decades. He grew up with full vision, but starting in his teenage years, his sight began to degrade from the outside in, such that he now sees the world as if through a narrow tube. Soon-but without knowing exactly when-he will likely have no vision left. Full of apprehension but also dogged curiosity, Leland embarks on a sweeping exploration of the state of being that awaits him: not only the physical experience of blindness but also its language, internal debates, politics, and customs. He also negotiates his changing relationships with his wife and son, and with his own sense of self, as he moves from sighted to semi-sighted to blind, from his mainstream, \"typical\" life to one with a disability. Part memoir, part historical and cultural investigation, The Country of the Blind represents Leland's determination not to merely survive this transition, but to grow from it-to seek out and revel in that which makes blindness enlightening. His story reveals essential lessons for all of us, from accepting uncertainty and embracing change to connecting with others across difference. Thought-provoking and brimming with warmth and humor, The Country of the Blind is at once a deeply personal journey and an intellectually exhilarating tour of a way of being that most of us have never paused to consider-and from which we have much to learn\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Constructing Disability after the Great War
As Americans--both civilians and veterans--worked to determine the meanings of identity for blind veterans of World War I, they bound cultural constructs of blindness to all the emotions and contingencies of mobilizing and fighting the war, and healing from its traumas. Sighted Americans’ wartime rehabilitation culture centered blind soldiers and veterans in a mix of inspirational stories. Veterans worked to become productive members of society even as ableism confined their unique life experiences to a collection of cultural tropes that suggested they were either downcast wrecks of their former selves or were morally superior and relatively flawless as they overcame their disabilities and triumphantly journeyed toward successful citizenship. Sullivan investigates the rich lives of blind soldiers and veterans and their families to reveal how they confronted barriers, gained an education, earned a living, and managed their self-image while continually exposed to the public’s scrutiny of their success and failures.
eBook
Louis Braille
\"Little Louis was a curious child - always exploring and having adventures. Then one day, while playing in his father's workshop, he had an accident with a tool and eventually lost sight in both eyes. It was tricky to get used to, but with help from his family and a local teacher, Louis continued to learn and explore. Aged ten, he moved to Paris to start at the Royal Institute for the Young Blind. Unfortunately, the school used a system that was very tricky, and didn't allow pupils to write. Disappointed with alternatives, Louis began to develop his own system. When he shared his invention four years later, his teachers and classmates were amazed - his system used just six dots in a tiny space that fit under his fingertip, and included a complete alphabet, with punctuation marks, numbers and mathematical symbols. It took many years for his system to be widely used, but little by little it spread across the world and came to be known as Braille. Today, Braille is used by more than six million people and there are codes for more than 133 languages\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
An Audio Augmented Reality Navigation System for Blind and Visually Impaired People Integrating BIM and Computer Vision
Since statistics show a growing trend in blindness and visual impairment, the development of navigation systems supporting Blind and Visually Impaired People (BVIP) must be urgently addressed. Guiding BVIP to a desired destination across indoor and outdoor settings without relying on a pre-installed infrastructure is an open challenge. While numerous solutions have been proposed by researchers in recent decades, a comprehensive navigation system that can support BVIP mobility in mixed and unprepared environments is still missing. This study proposes a novel navigation system that enables BVIP to request directions and be guided to a desired destination across heterogeneous and unprepared settings. To achieve this, the system applies Computer Vision (CV)—namely an integrated Structure from Motion (SfM) pipeline—for tracking the user and exploits Building Information Modelling (BIM) semantics for planning the reference path to reach the destination. Audio Augmented Reality (AAR) technology is adopted for directional guidance delivery due to its intuitive and non-intrusive nature, which allows seamless integration with traditional mobility aids (e.g., white canes or guide dogs). The developed system was tested on a university campus to assess its performance during both path planning and navigation tasks, the latter involving users in both blindfolded and sighted conditions. Quantitative results indicate that the system computed paths in about 10 milliseconds and effectively guided blindfolded users to their destination, achieving performance comparable to that of sighted users. Remarkably, users in blindfolded conditions completed navigation tests with an average deviation from the reference path within the 0.60-meter shoulder width threshold in 100% of the trials, compared to 75% of the tests conducted by sighted users. These findings demonstrate the system’s accuracy in maintaining navigational alignment within acceptable human spatial tolerances. The proposed approach contributes to the advancement of BVIP assistive technologies by enabling scalable, infrastructure-free navigation across heterogeneous environments.
Journal Article