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Who are the Black heroines of Latin America and the Caribbean? Where do we turn for models of transcendence among women of African ancestry in the region? In answer to the historical dearth of such exemplars, Mayaya Rising explores and celebrates the work of writers who intentionally center powerful female cultural archetypes. In this inventive analysis, Duke proposes three case studies and a corresponding womanist methodology through which to study and rediscover these figures. The musical Cuban-Dominican sisters and former slaves Teodora and Micaela Ginés inspired Aida Cartagena Portalatin's epic poem Yania tierra; the Nicaraguan matriarch of the May Pole, \"Miss Lizzie,\" figures prominently in four anthologies from the country's Bluefields region; and the iconic palenqueras of Cartagena, Colombia are magnified in the work of poets María Teresa Ramírez Neiva and Mirian Díaz Pérez. In elevating these figures and foregrounding these works, Duke restores and repairs the scholarly record.

To Defend this Sunrise examines how black women on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua engage in regional, national, and transnational modes of activism to remap the nation's racial order under conditions of increasing economic precarity and autocracy. The book considers how, since the 19th century, black women activists have resisted historical and contemporary patterns of racialized state violence, economic exclusion, territorial dispossession, and political repression. Specifically, it explores how the new Sandinista state under Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo has utilized multicultural rhetoric as a mode of political, economic, and territorial dispossession. In the face of the Sandinista state's co-optation of multicultural discourse and growing authoritarianism, black communities have had to recalibrate their activist strategies and modes of critique to resist these new forms of \"multicultural dispossession.\" This concept describes the ways that state actors and institutions drain multiculturalism of its radical, transformative potential by espousing the rhetoric of democratic recognition while simultaneously supporting illiberal practices and policies that undermine black political demands and weaken the legal frameworks that provide the basis for the claims of these activists against the state.

Waterfront areas are undergoing rapid transformation in many post-socialist cities. This paper focuses on the uneven access to the waterfront in post-socialist Bratislava. We use the bluefield concept of Pinch, P. and Munt, I. (2002). The goal of the paper is to investigate the mechanisms and key forces of waterfront transformation in post-socialist Bratislava in the context of institutional practices, where the role of individual stakeholders and planning are critically evaluated. The limited capacity of post-socialist institutions to mediate and respond to the dynamically increasing demand to waterfronts is highlighted. In the paper two case study areas are investigated with sharply diff erent conditions. In the case of Karlova Ves cove contradictions between the use value and exchange value is demonstrated, leading to a sharp struggle among potential users. The transformation of the second chosen area, Jarovce river branch, demonstrates a power invasion in the area and the illegal privatisation of public areas by 'better off ' people. The comparison of transformations of these two localities in a relatively similar time frame, provides a picture about the uneven struggle for access. Both discussed examples draw att ention to persisting institutional adaptation and the fragile de facto position of the municipality in urban development.

Anecdotal reports suggest rates of puerperal sepsis/umbilical cord infection in the Southern Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS) of Nicaragua are high, as maternal/infant mortality rates are. Clean delivery kits (CDKs; sealed containers, clean razor blades, soap, string to tie umbilical cords, and clean plastic sheeting) have been shown to decrease perinatal infection rates in low-income countries. Participant observation, focus groups, and key informant interviews with parties involved in delivery practices and policies were conducted in this focused ethnography to determine the cultural acceptability of CDKs for midwives in the RAAS. The CDKs were acceptable in their contents, although remain controversial. Although evidence points to deliveries taking place at home without the use of sterile equipment, the Ministry of Health policy is for deliveries to take place in hospitals/health clinics.

X-ray CT scans at two different energies of three articulated specimens of Spathelopsis oakvalensis n. sp., a bivalve from the Bluefield Formation of the Mauch Chunk Group (Mississippian, Chesterian) from southeastern West Virginia, permitted observation and description of poorly known internal features of the shell, resulting in a reversal of the shell orientation alleged by past authors and concomitant reassignment of this problematic genus to the palaeotaxodont family Nuculanidae Adams and Adams. Distinctive posterior and anterior gapes in Spathelopsis suggest separation of inhalant and exhalant water streams, a characteristic associated with derived but not primitive palaeotaxodonts.

Reports on Mississippian rostroconchs from the Appalachian basin are rare. Winchell (1871), Herrick (1888, 1890, 1891), Hyde (1953), and Hoare (1990, 2004) discussed taxa from Ohio. These reports concerned pre-Chesterian occurrences with the exception of the Chesterian Bransonia hydei Hoare, 1990 and Oxyprora sp. Hoare (2004) from the Maxville Limestone. Specimens of the new taxon were reported by Busanus (1974) as Conocardium spp. from the Chesterian Reynolds Limestone in northern West Virginia.

En la red de humedales que rodea la bahía de Bluefields indagamos y analizamos la disponibilidad de invertebrados bentónicos susceptibles de ser parte de la dieta de aves playeras (Charadriidae). Por medio de búsqueda intensiva en tres microhabitats de la bahía investigamos la fauna invertebrada béntica en general está conformada por 4 phylum, 6 clases, 14 órdenes, 35 familias y 36 géneros más 2 no identificados. La densidad poblacional de estos organismos reflejan variaciones: E Bluff registra 14,814.72 ind/m en febrero, I I ,342.52 ind/m2 en marzo y 31,828.8 ind/m' en abril. La Isla El Venado es el microhabitat que reporta las densidades de población más alta. La Barra de Hone Sound tiene las densidades de invertebrados más bajas. Los tres microhabitats estudiados muestran diferencias en la disponibilidad de alimento para las aves playeras migratorias, probablemente se deba a las particularidades en las características ecológicas de cada sitio.

The [Bluefield M.P.] Daily Telegraph reports that the 304th MP unit U.S. Army Reserve will head to Fort Bush, Texas in late August for a six-day stay before being deployed to Afghanistan. Randy Lee Boyd, Jr., 39, of Boone County, was found at about 6:40 p.m. in a creek off Six-Mile Road near Ramage, Boone County dispatchers say. Investigators are not sure about the cause of the death.

The protesters then took seats in the public seating area of the inquiry, silently holding up their placards during the morning's evidence. Leading the protest, Andrew Bluefield of Highlands Before Pylons said: \"It is very difficult for ordinary working people to get to Inverness or Perth to attend the inquiry. There have been more than 17,000 objections to the scheme, and 10,000 objections to the upgrade scheme. You're talking about a network of pylons criss-crossing Scotland, this is just the start.