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A brief history of chambers of commerce in China
In 1904, China encouraged the business community to set up chambers of commerce in an effort to bridge the gulf between government officials and businessmen. They encouraged businesses to engage in industry and commerce, and to boost competitiveness with foreign capital investors. Over 45 years, spanning 1904 to 1949, Chinese chambers of commerce flourished and matured, and they played a key role in the structural and economic creation of modern China. This book documents the historical role of China's chambers of commerce.
eBook
Modern China’s Network Revolution
Chambers of commerce developed in China as a key part of its sociopolitical changes. In 1902, the first Chinese chamber of commerce appeared in Shanghai. By the time the Qing dynasty ended, over 1,000 general chambers, affiliated chambers, and branch chambers had been established throughout China.
In this new work, author Zhongping Chen examines Chinese chambers of commerce and their network development across Lower Yangzi cities and towns, as well as the nationwide arena. He details how they achieved increasing integration, and how their collective actions deeply influenced nationalistic, reformist, and revolutionary movements. His use of network analysis reveals how these chambers promoted social integration beyond the bourgeoisie and other elites, and helped bring society and the state into broader and more complicated interactions than existing theories of civil society and public sphere suggest. With both historical narrative and theoretical analysis of the long neglected local chamber networks, this study offers a keen historical understanding of the interaction of Chinese society, business, and politics in the early twentieth century. It also provides new knowledge produced from network theory within the humanities and social sciences.
eBook
A brief history of chambers of commerce in China
In 1904, China encouraged the business community to set up chambers of commerce in an effort to bridge the gulf between government officials and businessmen. They encouraged businesses to engage in industry and commerce, and to boost competitiveness with foreign capital investors. Over 45 years, spanning 1904 to 1949, Chinese chambers of commerce flourished and matured, and they played a key role in the structural and economic creation of modern China. This book documents the historical role of China's chambers of commerce. (Series: Economic History in China)
Publication
Design Quality, Mechanization and Taste in the British Textile Printing Industry, 1839–1899
This article considers the design debate in the printed-textile industry of the nineteenth century through an examination of textile samples, focusing on two key aspects: the need for design education and the development of diverging tastes between the upper and working-classes, and the effect of mechanization on design quality. This debate has dominated the historiography of printed textiles, yet is by no means exclusive to the textile industry. The aim of this article is not to assess the design quality of printed textiles produced in the North-West of England for the domestic market during the nineteenth century but to see the discussion of design quality in context and demonstrate how nineteenth-century ideas of design quality and taste were perpetuated throughout the twentieth century. Using the textile designs of Edmund Potter & Co. and Samuel Matley & Son found in the Board of Trade registers as a lens through which to unpack these issues, this article illustrates the value of examining the material evidence in relation to the design debate in the printed textile industry of the nineteenth century.
Journal Article
Commodity Storage under Backwardation: Does the Working Curve Still Work?
We investigate storage in the presence of backwardation and the existence of the Working curve for Chicago Board of Trade corn, soybeans, and wheat markets and the Kansas City Board of Trade wheat market using 1990–2010 data. Two spread measures—the futures-spot and futures-futures—are matched with deliverable stocks on the first Friday of delivery. To account for grade and location aggregation issues, the futures-spot spreads are measured using the lowest spot bid and highest futures price. Storage in the presence of backwardation is pervasive both in terms of the percentage of observations and the magnitude of the stockholdings. The Working curve emerges most clearly in KCBT wheat and soybeans. Convenience yield is also supported by the negligible holdings of delivery shipping certificates in backwardations. Overall, the results show that the Working curve does indeed still work today. When evaluating policy proposals to deal with heightened price volatility in agricultural markets it is important that models incorporate this well-established relationship.
Journal Article
US–China Trade War: A Way Out?
Recently, a group of eminent Chinese/US economists and legal scholars issued a thought-provoking Joint Statement on ‘US–China Trade Relations: A Way Forward’. However, the Joint Statement does not provide practical solutions to the real issues in the bilateral negotiations. Moreover, by granting excessive policy space to the two largest trading nations, it would encourage them to further deviate from WTO rules and undermine the multilateral trading system. Drawing on the Theory of Distortions and Welfare, we put forward an alternative framework for the parties to tackle protectionist and trade distortive policy instruments while leaving sufficient policy space for them to pursue non-protectionist policy goals. Our framework would minimize WTO-inconsistent outcomes and prevent further erosion of the multilateral system as we encourage the parties to negotiate in a WTO-consistent manner. Hopefully, this would also provide the groundwork for more inclusive trade negotiations under the multilateral trading system.
Journal Article
Business Leagues and Like Organizations
Federal income tax exemption is provided for business leagues not organized for profit and no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual. This category of exemption is also extended to chambers of commerce, boards of trade, real estate boards, and professional sports leagues. There are five principal bases pursuant to which tax‐exempt status may be denied an organization that otherwise qualifies as an exempt business league: line‐of‐business requirement, for‐profit business activities, performance of particular services, private inurement, and commerciality. A chamber of commerce's efforts are directed at promoting the common economic interests of all of the commercial enterprises in a trade community. A board of trade's activities may relate to only one or more lines of business in a particular geographic location, but need not relate to all.
Book Chapter
Effective Bid-Ask Spreads in Futures versus Futures Options
While considerable research has estimated liquidity costs of futures trading, little comparable research is available about options markets. This study determines effective bid-ask spreads in options and futures markets for Kansas City Board of Trade (KCBT) wheat. Effective bid-ask spreads are estimates of the actual liquidity cost of a round-trip order. Option liquidity costs are estimated using a new measure of effective spreads developed for options markets. Futures effective spreads are estimated using eight different measures developed in previous studies. Estimated effective bid-ask spreads of options contracts are at least double the effective bid-ask spreads of open-outcry futures contracts.
Journal Article
Group opposes exclusive use of unionized workers: construction monopoly
The board has teamed up with the Chambre de commerce du Quebec, the Alliance of Manufacturers and Exporters Quebec, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business and the Conseil du patronat du Quebec to voice its opposition to the provincial government.
Trade Publication Article