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In Of Love and Other Passions Guiomar Dueñas-Vargas delves into the world of emotions among the bourgeois elite in Bogotá from the end of the colonial period to 1870. While most studies of the period focus solely on the country's political activity, Dueñas-Vargas shows how Colombia's social, cultural, and political changes transformed the meaning of love, which contributed to the evolution of new models of femininity and masculinity. By examining sources such as personal letters and diaries, Dueñas-Vargas presents the emotional profiles of families and couples, demonstrating how their conduct challenged the established order. As lovers insisted on choosing their own mates rather than marrying spouses selected by their parents, they undermined the patriarchal structure of Colombian society. Such decisions unveil the many functions women assumed in both public and private life and how they participated in the invention of a nation.

We monitored mosquitoes in 3 bus stations in Bogota, Colombia, located at 2,625 m above sea level. During December 2023-January 2024, we collected 27 larvae and 1 adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at 1 station. Detection of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Bogota is a call to continue monitoring mosquitoes at stations.

2023 Tony Award winner for Best Musical!NEW JERSEY, 1999. Kimberly is about to turn sixteen and has recently moved with her family to a new town in suburban New Jersey. Suffering from a disease that causes her to age four and a half times faster than her high school peers, surrounded by a dysfunctional family (and possible felony charges), Kimberly is also navigating her first teenage crush. Ever the optimist, Kimberly is determined to find happiness against all odds and embark on a great adventure.

A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo xviii, en la ciudad de Santafé de Bogotá aparece una reglamentación orientada a establecer un nuevo \"orden\" con medidas como censos de población, formación de gremios, encierro de pobres y mendigos en hospicios, creación de milicias urbanas, leyes antivagancia o control de chicherías. En la aplicación de estas disposiciones se consideraba a una parte importante de la población como desordenada, perezosa y poco dada al trabajo. A partir de la insistencia y la recurrencia de estas afirmaciones, vamos a realizar una reflexión sobre su concreción y naturaleza, sobre las costumbres que describían, sobre las actitudes que alababan o condenaban y sobre las relaciones sociales y las ideas que las sustentaban. Buscamos comprender una serie de experiencias históricas frente al trabajo apoyándonos en su contrario: la pereza.El estudio de la relación pereza/trabajo nos permite una dinámica particularmente interesante. Por un lado, la pereza, una manera de actuar, un comportamiento cotidiano e incluso hasta podría decirse personal, pensado en el contexto de las relaciones de trabajo, adquiere una dimensión social, política, económica y cultural. Por el otro, el trabajo, un valor trascendental y generalizado, pensado a partir de las simples actitudes de pereza, devela las experiencias cotidianas en las que se ha construido y se construye su cambiante realidad social. Pensar esta oposición en su relación permite también comprender cómo una noción se construyó con la otra y cómo están íntimamente relacionadas en sus procesos históricos tanto en Europa como en América.

National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure–the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index–on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time. Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0–42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2–55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015. This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Urban growth, new economic activities, infrastructure and mobility projects change the way a city and their citizens interact. To assess changes based on the above factors, we use the concept of social fragmentation for two different periods. We propose a methodology that evaluates the degree of social fragmentation in different zones of Bogota and the impact of the introduction of a Bus Rapid Transit system (BRT). The fragmentation analysis shows an increase in interactions for the three different income groups analysed in the 1995-2005 comparison. The spatial distribution of defragmented zones has also changed. Peripheral zones were isolated in 1995, close to ghettos or closed community concept, while in 2005 their interactions with the city saw an important improvement. The difference in difference analysis shows that feeder lines, serving specially those peripheral zones, have a positive impact on population as the fragmentation indicator decreases. However, no evidence was found regarding trunk line zones. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications

This paper aims to understand the individual and relational motives supporting migration from Italy to Bogota. Our concern is to achieve a nuanced understanding of how aspirations, on the one hand, and social networks, on the other, shape migratory decisions and structure in broader migration patterns. To do this, we chose a qualitative approach based on narrative interviews with Italians living in Bogota, which were selected through snowball sampling. As a result, we produced a typology of five different migration pathways: globetrotters aspiring to international mobility with no mediators supporting their process of continuous migration; careerists who accept moving on demand of their company for advancing their career supported by professional mediators; risk-takers aspiring to professional independence and supported in their entrepreneurial project by weak ties; tied migrants aspiring to better family quality of life and supported by strong familial ties; and exiled migrants who find a refuge from the difficulties they encounter in Italy and supported by strong professional ties.

The objective of this research is to apply a new approach to estimate arrival azimuth of seismic events using seismological records of the “El Rosal” station, near to the city of Bogota – Colombia, by applying support vector machines (SVMs). The algorithm was trained with time signal descriptors of 863 seismic events acquired from January 1998 to October 2008; considering only events with magnitude ≥ 2 ML.  The earthquake signals were filtered in order to remove diverse kind of low and high frequency noise not related to such events. During training stages of SVMs, several combinations of kernel function exponent and complexity factor were applied to time signals of 5, 10 and 15 seconds along with earthquake magnitudes of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 ML. The best classification of SVMs was obtained using time signals of 5 seconds and earthquake magnitudes greater than 3.0 ML with kernel exponent of 10 and complexity factor of 2, showing accuracy of 45.4 degrees. This research is an improvement of previous works related to earthquake arrival azimuth determination from data of one single seismic station employing machine learning techniques. 

We sketch the initial history of collecting deep cores in terrestrial and marine sedimentary basins and ice cores to study environmental and climate change. Subsequently, we focus on the development of long records from the Northern Andes. The 586 m long pollen record from ancient Lake Bogotá reflects the last 2.25 × 106 years with ∼ 1.2 kyr resolution, whereas the sediment core reflects almost the complete Quaternary. The 58 m long composite core from Lake Fúquene covers the last 284 ka with ∼ 60 years resolution. We address the various challenges and limitations of working with deep continental cores. For the tropics, the presence of these deep cores has made the Northern Andes a key area in developing and testing hypotheses in the fields of ecology, paleobiogeography, and climate change. We summarize the results in the figures, and for details on the paleoenvironmental reconstructions, we refer to the corresponding literature. We provide an overview of the literature on long continental records from all continents (see the Supplement). Based on our 50 years of experience in continental core drilling, developing a research capacity to analyze the large amounts of samples, and keeping a team together to publish the results, we listed suggestions in support of deep continental records aimed at studying environmental and climate change over long intervals of time.