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Software Trusted Platform Module (SWTPM) Resource Sharing Scheme for Embedded Systems
Embedded system networks are widely deployed across various domains and often perform mission-critical tasks, making it essential for all nodes within the system to be trustworthy. Traditionally, each node is equipped with a discrete Trusted Platform Module (dTPM) to ensure network-wide trustworthiness. However, this study proposes a cost-effective system architecture that deploys software-based TPMs (SWTPMs) on the majority of nodes, while reserving dTPMs for a few central nodes to maintain overall system integrity. The proposed architecture employs IBMACS for system integrity reporting. In addition, a database-based anomaly detection (AD) agent is developed to identify and isolate untrusted nodes. A traffic anomaly detection agent is also introduced to monitor communication between servers and clients, ensuring that traffic patterns remain normal. Finally, a custom measurement kernel is implemented, along with an activation agent, to enforce a measured boot process for custom applications during startup. This architecture is designed to safeguard mission-critical embedded systems from malicious threats while reducing deployment costs.
Journal Article
Statistical and reliability analysis of communication disability severity in Saudi Arabia using novel probability distribution
Understanding the distribution of communication disabilities is crucial for effective policy planning and resource allocation. This study introduces the Extended Generalized Inverted Kumaraswamy Standard Exponential (
EGIKwS
-Exp) distribution for modeling the percentage of Saudi individuals with severe or total communication disabilities aged two years and above across 13 administrative regions. The dataset, sourced from Disability Statistics 2023, exhibits significant variability, requiring a flexible probabilistic framework. The
EGIKwS
-Exp distribution, an extension of the exponential model, enhances adaptability for complex datasets like disability statistics. Key distributional and reliability properties, including hazard rate, reversed hazard rate, c umulative hazard, and survival functions, are derived. Parameter estimation is conducted using Maximum Likelihood Estimation, with Bayesian inference via MCMC Metropolis-Hastings, Asymptotic, Boot-P, Boot-T, and Highest Posterior Density confidence intervals ensuring robust analysis. Graphical reliability measures confirm the model’s efficiency in capturing trends in communication disability data, offering a comprehensive framework for analyzing regional disparities and informing policymakers. By providing a robust statistical tool, this research supports more informed decision-making in disability studies and public health planning.
Journal Article
Implementing a resident-led transition-specific bootcamp curriculum during pediatric residency training: Our 3-year experience
Postgraduate programs that use 'bootcamps' to help trainees transition into new clinical roles usually solely target entry to residency, failing to address other critical transition periods. We developed, implemented, and evaluated a resident-led transition-specific bootcamp curriculum in our Pediatrics program and described our first 3 years of experience.
Our bootcamp curriculum was developed around Kern's framework. A needs assessment identified key transition periods (Incoming Resident [IR]; Night Float [NF]; Ward Senior [WS]). Teaching content and methods were informed by Residents-As-Teacher principles. Program evaluation included surveys exploring trainees' satisfaction, and perceived knowledge and self-efficacy before and after bootcamp participation. For the IR bootcamp, knowledge and behaviour were objectively assessed through written examinations and Observed Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs).
Twenty-seven pediatric residents participated in the IR bootcamp, 26 in the NF bootcamp, and 25 in the WS bootcamp. Trainees' baseline self-reported knowledge and confidence around clinical skills taught showed an improving trend post-bootcamp in all transition periods. Strengths identified included the level-appropriate teaching content and residents' engagement as teachers.
Bootcamps can help residents adapt to new roles and should target all key transitions within the training continuum. Capitalizing on resident leadership for bootcamp curriculum development and implementation is instrumental to its success.
Journal Article
Secure Combination of IoT and Blockchain by Physically Binding IoT Devices to Smart Non-Fungible Tokens Using PUFs
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are widely used in blockchain to represent unique and non-interchangeable assets. Current NFTs allow representing assets by a unique identifier, as a possession of an owner. The novelty introduced in this paper is the proposal of smart NFTs to represent IoT devices, which are physical smart assets. Hence, they are also identified as the utility of a user, they have a blockchain account (BCA) address to participate actively in the blockchain transactions, they can establish secure communication channels with owners and users, and they operate dynamically with several modes associated with their token states. A smart NFT is physically bound to its IoT device thanks to the use of a physical unclonable function (PUF) that allows recovering its private key and, then, its BCA address. The link between tokens and devices is difficult to break and can be traced during their lifetime, because devices execute a secure boot and carry out mutual authentication processes with new owners and users that could add new software. Hence, devices prove their trusted hardware and software. A whole demonstration of the proposal developed with ESP32-based IoT devices and Ethereum blockchain is presented, using the SRAM of the ESP32 microcontroller as the PUF.
Journal Article
QoS Aspects of Loosely Coupled Microservices for Solar PV Power Estimation
Deployment of Computational physics through the paradigm of loosely coupled microservices can play a vital role for parallel computing that can be utilized for estimation of solar PV power. As such we propose to deploy a novel model that can be used to perform different computational logic for the domain of physics. We call this model as MicroComPhy (Microservice for Computational Physics). In our prototype deployment, we estimate the amount of solar photovoltaic power generation using three mathematical equations: (a) current generation; (b) junction thermal voltage measurement; and (c) nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) measurement. The development and deployment of a Spring Boot application using the Apache Tomcat server provides the platform for the evaluation of parallel computing using the microservice architecture design pattern. The quality of the service is observed using different correlation of system performance metrics. The experimental setup, the quality observation and the statistical analysis will be discussed. It can be concluded that quality metrics for computational physics are stable while executing the parallel computing using microservice architecture.
Journal Article