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"Bosons"
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Interpreting BEC in e + e - annihilation
The usual interpretation of Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC) of identical boson pairs relates the width of the peak in the correlation function at small relative four-momentum to the spatial extent of the source of the bosons. However, in the τ-model, which successfully describes BEC in hadronic Z decay, the width of the peak is related to the temporal extent of boson emission. Some new checks on the validity of both the τ-model and the usual descriptions are presented.
Journal Article
A New Boson with a Mass of 125 GeV Observed with the CMS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider
The Higgs boson was postulated nearly five decades ago within the framework of the standard model of particle physics and has been the subject of numerous searches at accelerators around the world. Its discovery would verify the existence of a complex scalar field thought to give mass to three of the carriers of the electroweak force—the W + , W - , and Z 0 bosons—as well as to the fundamental quarks and leptons. The CMS Collaboration has observed, with a statistical significance of five standard deviations, a new particle produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The evidence is strongest in the diphoton and four-lepton (electrons and/or muons) final states, which provide the best mass resolution in the CMS detector. The probability of the observed signal being due to a random fluctuation of the background is about 1 in 3 × 10 6 . The new particle is a boson with spin not equal to 1 and has a mass of about 1.25 giga—electron volts. Although its measured properties are, within the uncertainties of the present data, consistent with those expected of the Higgs boson, more data are needed to elucidate the precise nature of the new particle.
Journal Article
The transverse momentum spectrum of weak gauge bosons at N \\{}^3\\ LL + NNLO
We present accurate QCD predictions for the transverse momentum (\\[p_\\perp \\]) spectrum of electroweak gauge bosons at the LHC for \\[13~\\mathrm {TeV} \\] collisions, based on a consistent combination of a NNLO calculation at large \\[p_\\perp \\] and N\\[^3\\]LL resummation in the small \\[p_\\perp \\] limit. The inclusion of higher order corrections leads to substantial changes in the shape of the differential distributions, and the residual perturbative uncertainties are reduced to the few percent level across the whole transverse momentum spectrum. We examine the ratio of \\[p_\\perp \\] distributions in charged- and neutral-current Drell–Yan production, and study different prescriptions for the estimate of perturbative uncertainties that rely on different degrees of correlation between these processes. We observe an excellent stability of the ratios with respect to the perturbative order, indicating a strong correlation between the corresponding QCD corrections.
Journal Article
CERN and the Higgs boson : the global quest for the building blocks of reality
\"In the late 1940s, a handful of visionaries were working to steer Europe towards a more peaceful future through science, and CERN, the European particle physics laboratory, was duly born. James Gillies tells the gripping story of particle physics, from the original atomists of ancient Greece, through the people who made the crucial breakthroughs, to CERN itself, one of the most ambitious scientific undertakings of our time, and its eventual confirmation of the Higgs boson. Weaving together the scientific and political stories of CERN's development, the book reveals how particle physics has evolved from being the realm of solitary genius to a global field of human endeavour, with CERN's Large Hadron Collider as its frontier research tool\"--Back cover.
Book
A Particle Consistent with the Higgs Boson Observed with the ATLAS Detector at the Large Hadron Collider
Nearly 50 years ago, theoretical physicists proposed that a field permeates the universe and gives energy to the vacuum. This field was required to explain why some, but not all, fundamental particles have mass. Numerous precision measurements during recent decades have provided indirect support for the existence of this field, but one crucial prediction of this theory has remained unconfirmed despite 30 years of experimental searches: the existence of a massive particle, the standard model Higgs boson. The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN has now observed the production of a new particle with a mass of 126 giga—electron volts and decay signatures consistent with those expected for the Higgs particle. This result is strong support for the standard model of particle physics, including the presence of this vacuum field. The existence and properties of the newly discovered particle may also have consequences beyond the standard model itself.
Journal Article
Elusive : how Peter Higgs solved the mystery of mass
On 4 July 2012, the announcement came that one of the longest-running mysteries in physics had finally been solved: the Higgs boson, the missing piece in understanding why particles have mass. On the rostrum, surrounded by jostling physicists and media, was the particle's retiring namesake - the only person in history to have an existing single particle named for them. Drawing on years of conversations with Higgs and others, Close explores how Higgs became one of the world's most important scientists. Close shows that scientific competition between people, institutions and states played as much of a role in making Higgs famous as Higgs's work itself. This is a revelatory study of both a scientist and his era, which challenges and transforms our understanding of modern physics.
Book
A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery
In July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the CERN Large Hadron Collider announced the observation of a Higgs boson at a mass of around 125 gigaelectronvolts. Ten years later, and with the data corresponding to the production of a 30-times larger number of Higgs bosons, we have learnt much more about the properties of the Higgs boson. The CMS experiment has observed the Higgs boson in numerous fermionic and bosonic decay channels, established its spin–parity quantum numbers, determined its mass and measured its production cross-sections in various modes. Here the CMS Collaboration reports the most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson, including the most stringent limit on the cross-section for the production of a pair of Higgs bosons, on the basis of data from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 teraelectronvolts. Within the uncertainties, all these observations are compatible with the predictions of the standard model of elementary particle physics. Much evidence points to the fact that the standard model is a low-energy approximation of a more comprehensive theory. Several of the standard model issues originate in the sector of Higgs boson physics. An order of magnitude larger number of Higgs bosons, expected to be examined over the next 15 years, will help deepen our understanding of this crucial sector.
The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.
Journal Article