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"Botany Textbooks"
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Text Book of Botany, 1
This book aims at providing a general view of plant science at an elementary level. Some aspects have been discussed in detail with the new interrelationship among the different aspects of modern view. A discussion on the impact in human civilization particularly distribution in different part of the world with the formation of new vegetation, aspects of pollution, role in disease causing organism concludes the presentation. In present decade different universities felt for the introduction of age old topics of the plant world which was completely erased from the mind of students having developed computer knowledge. Apart form computer knowledge the country should a vacuum in administrative and civilization processes including vegetational science, so the basic knowledge of plant science came to existence and this book is meant to discuss the aspect of plant science. New illustration provide the curiosity of plant world which was necessary to understand the Indian forest world with some of its harmful and beneficial forms. The scarcity of crops with application of synthetic fertilizer made human civilization at their last way of life. This can be overcome by normal life forms. This book has the idea how to live in normal way. Thus this book is useful for students of different levels.
eBook
Julius Sachs (1868)
The year 2018 marks the 150th anniversary of the first publication of Julius von Sachs’ (1832–1897) Lehrbuch der Botanik (Textbook of Botany), which provided a comprehensive summary of what was then known about the plant sciences. Three years earlier, in 1865, Sachs produced the equally impressive Handbuch der Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen (Handbook of Experimental Plant Physiology), which summarized the state of knowledge in all aspects of the discipline known today as plant physiology. Both of these books provided numerous insights based on Sachs’ seminal experiments. By virtue of a reliance on detailed empirical observation and the rigorous application of chemical and physical principles, it is fair to say that the publication of these two monumental works marked the beginning of what can be called “modern-day” plant science. Moreover, Sachs’ Lehrbuch der Botanik prefigured the ascendance of plant molecular biology and the systems biology of photoautotrophic organisms. Regrettably, many of the insights of this great scientist have been forgotten by the generations who followed. It is only fitting, therefore, that the anniversary of the publication of the Lehrbuch der Botanik and the career of “the father of plant physiology” should be honored and reviewed, particularly because Sachs established the physiology of green organisms as an integral branch of botany and incorporated a Darwinian perspective into plant biology. Here we highlight key insights, with particular emphasis on Sachs’ detailed discussion of sexual reproduction at the cellular level and his endorsement of Darwinian evolution.
Journal Article
Science, politics and society in early nineteenth-century Ireland
This book examines the pivotal period immediately after the Irish Union from the unique perspective of the Reverend William Richardson (1740–1820). A clerical polymath, Richardson’s activities ranged from Ulster politics to international scientific debates. His private correspondence adds to our knowledge of central Ulster before and during the 1798 rebellion and provides insights into the tensions between Irish provincial science and the metropolitan scientific world. The book is based on extensive primary research, including material new to Irish historiography, and follows the political and scientific themes of Richardson’s career in a broadly chronological sweep, assessing the role of various shaping features, including religion, politics, personality and Enlightenment ideology, and analysing each theme in terms of its broad contemporary historical significance. This book will appeal to students and academics with an interest in the period, or politics, religion or science.
eBook
Plants and urban natural sciences
Urban natural science consists of many fields. We consider urban plant science (urban botany) to be one of the main branches of urban natural sciences and urban biology. Urban plant science (urban botany) is a discipline studying urban vegetation. Some areas of urban plant science are also developing as applied disciplines. Urban forestry and urban horticulture are important trends. We consider urban botany as a field that includes all urban plant sciences. Urban botany is relevant area in the concept of urban natural sciences. There are many studies on urban plant biology. Urban plants have many beneficial functions, including phytoremediation and aesthetic properties, microclimate improvement, and impact on biodiversity. The main objectives of urban plant science are: the study of urban plants and plant communities of urban ecosystems; the effect of urban environment on plants; the increase of plant resistance to the urban environment; the selection of plant species and varieties for urban greening.
Urban botany can be considered as an academic discipline. We believe that in the future it may be possible to train specialists in a new direction of “Urban Natural Science”. Urban botany will be one of the leading academic disciplines in this area.
Journal Article
The first weed management textbook in the United States (part 2)
This article overviews the earliest weed management book published in the United States. The most problematic weeds of that era are named, along with suggestions for their control.
Journal Article
The first weed science textbooks in the United States (Part 1)
This article reviews the first textbooks focused on weed identification published in the United States. We go on to discuss those species considered the most troublesome weeds in agriculture. Common and scientific names written in the original texts have been cross referenced to current common and scientific names.
Journal Article
The impacts of animal farming: a critical review of secondary and high school textbooks
The exploitation of animals for human purposes raises several ethical concerns in the educational realm that ought to be carefully dealt with. Derived from the content analysis of sample of 39 Portuguese secondary and high school textbooks, this study aims to understand how factory-farmed animals are represented within the following themes: food and health, environment and sustainability, and animal welfare. This work examines whether textbooks suggest the continuation or reduction of the consumption of animal-based products for a healthy diet; discuss the correlation between meat and severe environmental impacts; treat whether plant-based diets are considered healthy, viable and sustainable; and whether the agency and welfare of non-human animals is considered. The results show that animals are consistently classified as consumable, with rare mentions of plant-based proteins as a healthy option. Animal farming is inaccurately portrayed as being extensive and is presented from the point of view of maximum production. The suffering and agency of animals are never dealt with. Even though there are some references to the environmental impacts of animal farming, fishing and hunting, there are no recommendations to reduce the consumption of animal-based products as a way of mitigating environmental impacts. The resolution of current environmental challenges is dependent on there being profound shifts in science education that can provide students with the necessary information to create effective change. In seeking to create a more sustainable planet, this study endorses a more ecocentric pedagogy that frames other animals as sentient beings with intrinsic value. It is hoped that the results of this study can motivate authors, reviewers, and scientific and pedagogical consultants to redefine the guidelines in Portugal’s Frame of Reference for Environmental Education, as well the editing criteria for textbooks. Furthermore, this paper seeks to encourage changes in the behaviour of young people and communities towards animals, food and the environment.
Journal Article
Fabulous but Forgotten Fucoid Forests
Fucoid forests are areas dominated by marine brown seaweed in the taxonomic order Fucales that, like the better‐known marine foundation species—corals, kelps, seagrasses, salt marshes, and mangroves—are threatened by anthropogenic stressors. Fucoid forests are fabulous and important because they, like the better‐known marine foundation species (i) span large areas, bioregions, and ecosystems, (ii) provide ecological functions such as high productivity, biodiversity, and habitat for iconic and endemic species, and (iii) support a variety of ecosystem services, like commercial fisheries, regulation of nutrients and carbon, and cultural values. Fucoid forests are, based on a new citation analysis, forgotten worldwide, because they are described orders of magnitude less than the better‐known marine foundation species, in ecology and marine biology textbooks, in Google Scholar and Scopus databases over scientific literature, and in recent reports and reviews about seaweed forests. Fucoid forests would be less forgotten if more people acknowledge their biological importance and societal value more often and equate their importance to that of the better‐known marine foundation species. To decrease the knowledge gap between fucoids and the better‐known foundation species, researchers and science communicators could join forces under a broad “fucoid umbrella,” establish stronger online presences, coordinate and collaborate on publications, and produce free eye‐catching non‐technical materials for teachers, managers, politicians, grass‐root organizations, philanthropists, and funding agencies. We describe that fucoid seaweed forests are vital ecosystems around the world, but also document that they are much less known compared to coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, saltmarshes, and mangroves. We hope our short easy read viewpoint will make fucoid forest more memorable, more valued, and better conserved and managed.
Journal Article
Botany, sexuality, and women's writing 1760-1830
In this fascinating study, Samantha George explores the cultivation of the female mind and the feminised discourse of botanical literature in eighteenth-century Britain. In particular, she discusses British women's engagement with the Swedish botanist, Carl Linnaeus, and his unsettling discovery of plant sexuality.Previously ignored primary texts of an extraordinary nature are rescued from obscurity and assigned a proper place in the histories of science, eighteenth-century literature, and women's writing. The result is groundbreaking: the author explores nationality and sexuality debates in relation to botany and charts the appearance of a new literary stereotype, the sexually precocious female botanist. She uncovers an anonymous poem on Linnaean botany, handwritten in the eighteenth century, and subsequently traces the development of a new genre of women's writing - the botanical poem with scientific notes.The book is indispensable reading for all scholars of the eighteenth century, especially those interested in Romantic women's writing, or the relationship between literature and science.
eBook