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result(s) for
"Bouncers"
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Would you let this guy into a bar? Identifying cues that signal a perceived increase in the propensity for violence of potential bar patrons
Objectives
Bars, pubs, and clubs are hotspots for alcohol-related aggression. Consequently, admittance decisions made by security personnel have important implications for the safety inside these venues. However, the cues used by security personnel to determine the potential for intoxicated violence and inform admittance decisions vary substantially.
Methods
Here, we manipulate theoretically and practically relevant cues to determine the effects of their utilization on perceptions of violence and admittance decisions. Participants viewed images of real inmates convicted of violent or non-violent crimes, accompanied by cues derived from interviews with security staff.
Results
We found that body tenseness, drug and alcohol intoxication, searching behavior, avoidant behavior, and neck and face tattoos were positively associated with a greater perceived likelihood of violence. Admittance decisions mirrored these findings. Students and security personnel differed in their utilization of some of the cues.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, the current research was the first to take a quantitative approach to understanding the cues that security personnel and young adults might use to identify potentially violent patrons. These finding may help inform training for security personnel.
Journal Article
Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants
Extreme animal movements are usually associated with a single, high-performance behavior. However, the remarkably rapid mandible strikes of the trap-jaw ant, Odontomachus bauri, can yield multiple functional outcomes. Here we investigate the biomechanics of mandible strikes in O. bauri and find that the extreme mandible movements serve two distinct functions: predation and propulsion. During predatory strikes, O. bauri mandibles close at speeds ranging from 35 to 64 m·s⁻¹ within an average duration of 0.13 ms, far surpassing the speeds of other documented ballistic predatory appendages in the animal kingdom. The high speeds of the mandibles assist in capturing prey, while the extreme accelerations result in instantaneous mandible strike forces that can exceed 300 times the ant's body weight. Consequently, an O. bauri mandible strike directed against the substrate produces sufficient propulsive power to launch the ant into the air. Changing head orientation and strike surfaces allow O. bauri to use the trap-jaw mechanism to capture prey, eject intruders, or jump to safety. This use of a single, simple mechanical system to generate a suite of profoundly different behavioral functions offers insights into the morphological origins of novelties in feeding and locomotion.
Journal Article
Intercommunication Between Prefrontal and Posterior Brain Regions for Protecting Visual Working Memory From Distractor Interference
Because visual working memory has a very restricted capacity, good filtering mechanisms are essential for its successful functioning. A neuronal signal emitted by the prefrontal cortex is considered to be an important contributor to filtering. Proof of the functional significance of this signal during normal cognitive functioning is, however, still missing. Furthermore, research has so far neglected that the prefrontal cortex must receive input from posterior brain areas that report the necessity to filter. From human electroencephalograms, we extracted several event-related components that reflect the different subprocesses of filtering. On the basis of their timing and a clear pattern of correlations, we reason that filtering might consist of a causal chain of events that involve prefrontal and posterior cortex regions: After distractors are detected in posterior regions, a prefrontal mechanism is activated, which in turn prevents subsequent unnecessary parietal storage of distractor information.
Journal Article
The Art and Politics of Covert Research: Doing 'Situated Ethics' in the Field
This article discusses the covert research relationship. Specifically, it explores the ethical dimensions of fieldwork with reference to a six-month covert ethnography of 'bouncers', in Manchester. Drawing from sociological literatures, the article wishes to raise for scrutiny the management of situated ethics in covert fieldwork which, despite having some increased recognition via debates about risk and danger in fieldwork, remains glossed over The standard discourse on ethics is abstracted from the actual doing, which is a mediated and contingent set of practices. Traditionally, professional ethics has been centralized around the doctrine of informed consent with covert methodology being frowned upon and effectively marginalized as a type of last resort methodology'. What I highlight here is the case for covert research in the face of much conventional opposition. I hope the article will open debate and dialogue about its potential role and possible creative future in the social science community.
Journal Article
Bouncer service work: emotional labour and flexible masculinity
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how new policies and standards to professionalise nightclub bouncing along with customer-oriented service imperatives affect bouncers’ work practices and identities.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on 13 months of ethnographic fieldwork among Danish bouncers and uses the concept of “emotional labour” and related ideas of “interactive service work” to explore how service imperatives play out at political/commercial and organisational levels and how such initiatives are negotiated by bouncers in their work practices.
Findings
Until recently, the nocturnal work of bouncers had been relatively unaffected by labour market service paradigms. This is now changing, as policy initiatives and the capitalist service economy colonise ever greater domains of the urban night and the work conducted here. We argue that trends towards professionalisation have landed bouncers in a double-bind situation, in which they are increasingly faced with competing and sometimes contradictory occupational imperatives requiring them both to “front up” effectively to unruly patrons and to project a service-oriented persona. We show how bouncers seek to cope with this precarious position by adopting a variety of strategies, such as resistance, partial acceptance and cultural re-interpretations of service roles.
Originality/value
While existing research on nightclub bouncers has primarily focussed on bouncers’ physical regulation of unruly guests, this paper provides a theoretical framework for understanding current policy ambitions to “domesticate” bouncers and shows how attempts to construct bouncers as civilised “service workers” is fraught with paradoxes and ambiguities.
Journal Article
On the Classical Limit of Freely Falling Quantum Particles, Quantum Corrections and the Emergence of the Equivalence Principle
Quantum and classical mechanics are fundamentally different theories, but the correspondence principle states that quantum particles behave classically in the appropriate limit. For high-energy periodic quantum systems, the emergence of the classical description should be understood in a distributional sense, i.e., the quantum probability density approaches the classical distribution when the former is coarse-grained. Following a simple reformulation of this limit in the Fourier space, in this paper, we investigate the macroscopic behavior of freely falling quantum particles. To illustrate how the method works and to fix some ideas, we first successfully apply it to the case of a particle in a box. Next, we show that, for a particle bouncing under the gravity field, in the limit of a high quantum number, the leading term of the quantum distribution corresponds to the exact classical distribution plus sub-leading corrections, which we interpret as quantum corrections at the macroscopic level.
Journal Article
You Wanna Come to the ‘Urban’ Night Tomorrow... It’s the Wrong Night Tonight
Drawing from a yearlong ethnography alongside police officers, door staff, and venue managers, this article explores my research participants’ conceptions, and governance of, “urban nights” in “Greenshire, UK.” My research participants used the term “urban nights” to refer to nighttime events where traditionally Black music is played, such as drill, grime, and R & B. In doing this, I reveal how institutional racism is embedded within policing cultures and everyday policing practices used to govern nightlife. In exploring how nightlife is governed in a white provincial context in Southern England, I uncover how the public and private police work together to produce nightlife as an “acceptably white space.” The article outlines the impact this has on the governance of “urban nights” and the management, access, and experiences of Black nighttime participants.
Journal Article
Lorentz Symmetry Violation Effects Caused by the Coupling between the Field fμγ5 and the Derivative of the Fermionic Field on One-Dimensional Potentials
In search of physics beyond the standard model, new phenomena can be relevant in low energies. In view of the Standard Model Extension is an effective field theory, in this study we explore the fermionic sector by showing that the properties of nonrelativistic quantum systems can be modified. We study one-dimensional nonrelativistic quantum systems under Lorentz symmetry violation effects caused by the coupling between the fixed vector field fμγ5 and the derivative of the fermionic field. We deal with the quantum bouncer, the attractive inverse-square potential, a modified attractive inverse-square potential, and a scalar exponential potential inside this scenario of the Lorentz symmetry violation. Then, we show that the spectra of energy are influenced by the Lorentz symmetry violation effects.
Journal Article