Explore the vast range of titles available.

The human skeleton of a young adult male with marked asymmetry of the bilateral upper extremities was excavated from the Mashiki-Azamabaru site (3000–2000 BCE) on the main island of Okinawa in the southwestern archipelago of Japan. The skeleton was buried alone in a corner of the cemetery. In this study, morphological and radiographic observations were made on this skeleton, and the pathogenesis of the bone growth disorder observed in the left upper limb was discussed. The maximum diameter of the midshaft of the humerus was 13.8 mm on the left and 21.2 mm on the right. The long bones comprising the left upper extremity lost the structure of the muscle attachments except for the deltoid tubercle of the humerus. The bone morphology of the right upper extremity and the bilateral lower extremities was maintained and was close to the mean value of females from the Ohtomo site in northwestern Kyushu, Japan, during the Yayoi period. It is assumed that the anomalous bone morphology confined to the left upper extremity was secondary to the prolonged loss of function of the muscles attached to left extremity bones. In this case, birth palsy, brachial plexus injury in childhood, and acute grey matter myelitis were diagnosed. It was suggested that this person had survived into young adulthood with severe paralysis of the left upper extremity due to injury or disease at an early age.

[21],[22],[23] The Indian Society of Peripheral Nerve Surgery started as a small collaboration between the plastic surgeons, hand surgeons and neurosurgeons in 2011, at the brachial plexus meeting, held in March 2011, at AIIMS, organised under the chairmanship of Prof. AK Mahapatra, than Chair, Department of Neurosurgery. The waiting list of brachial plexus injury patients shrunk because of more availability of operation theatres at the Trauma Center and 120-130 cases, on an average, were being operated at the Trauma Center during that period. In 2011, Dr. Sumit Sinha established the Cadaver Training and Research Facility (CTRF) at JPNA trauma Center, with the help of a generous grant-in-aid from Indian Council of Medical Research. [...]traumatic brachial plexus injuries are very common injuries and mainly affect the young population in the productive periods of their lives.

Notable Women in Healthcare series. Life and work of Augusta Klumpke, who was born in 1859. Klumpke's pioneering work in neurology and neuroanatomy is described. [(BNI unique abstract)] 0 references

In this paper, we present a translation of an unpublished autobiographical document by Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke, reporting her early years before she came to Paris to study medicine, when she was able to become one of the first women in France to hold a hospital position, as an extern and an intern. This American-born girl later married Jules Déjerine, who was to become the second successor to Charcot at La Salpétrière 23 years later. The present document gives a vivid account on the preceding years, and emphasizes the extraordinary dynamism and enthusiasm of a young woman, whose efforts and contributions influenced neurology at the turn of the 20th century, and dramatically changed the role of women in medical careers.

Although the lower trunk brachial plexus palsy known as Klumpke's palsy is a familiar and challenging entity to the medical community, relatively little is known about Dr. Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke. Dr. Déjerine-Klumpke influenced generations of physicians with her contributions to the description and treatment of neurological diseases. We review the legacy of Dr. Déjerine-Klumpke by focusing on the life, career, and medical contributions of this remarkable woman, using translations of the French manuscripts composed at various times in her career. These publications, combined with the existing English-language literature that provides a tribute to her contributions as both a scientist and physician, give an insight into the condition that carries her name.

This historical vignette presents some aspects of the life of the English surgeon Sir William Thorburn and details of the first published report of the surgical repair of a brachial plexus stretch injury in an adult.

To establish whether severe obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) can be identified reliably at or before three months of age. Severe OBPP was defined as neurotmesis or avulsion of spinal nerves C5 and C6 irrespective of additional C7-T1 lesions, assessed during surgery and confirmed by histopathological examination. We first prospectively studied a derivation group of 48 infants with OBPP with a minimal follow-up of two years. Ten dichotomous items concerning active clinical joint movement and needle electromyography of the deltoid, biceps and triceps muscles were gathered at one week, one month and three months of age. Predictors for a severe lesion were identified using a two-step forward logistic regression analysis. The results were validated in two independent cohorts of OBPP infants of 60 and 13 infants. Prediction of severe OBPP at one month of age was better than at one week and at three months. The presence of elbow extension, elbow flexion and of motor unit potentials in the biceps muscle correctly predicted whether lesions were mild or severe in 93.6% of infants in the derivation group (sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.88), in 88.3% in the first validation group (sensitivity 0.97, specificity 0.76) and in 84.6% in the second group (sensitivity of 1.0, specificity 0.66). Infants with OBPP with severe lesions can be identified at one month of age by testing elbow extension, elbow flexion and recording motor unit potentials (MUPs) in the biceps muscle. The decision rule implies that children without active elbow extension at one month should be referred to a specialized center, while children with active elbow extension as well as active flexion should not. When there is active elbow extension, but no active elbow flexion an EMG is needed; absence of MUPs in the biceps muscle is an indication for referral.