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"Brazil Commerce Netherlands History."
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The Dutch Moment
The author draws on a dazzling variety of archival and
printed sources... The Dutch Moment is a signal contribution to
the field. ―Renaissance Quarterly
In The Dutch Moment , Wim Klooster
shows how the Dutch built and eventually lost an Atlantic empire
that stretched from the homeland in the United Provinces to the
Hudson River and from Brazil and the Caribbean to the African Gold
Coast. The fleets and armies that fought for the Dutch in the
decades-long war against Spain included numerous foreigners,
largely drawn from countries in northwestern Europe. Likewise, many
settlers of Dutch colonies were born in other parts of Europe or
the New World. The Dutch would not have been able to achieve
military victories without the native alliances they carefully
cultivated. Indeed, the Dutch Atlantic was quintessentially
interimperial, multinational, and multiracial. At the same time, it
was an empire entirely designed to benefit the United
Provinces.
The pivotal colony in the Dutch Atlantic was Brazil, half of
which was conquered by the Dutch West India Company. Its brief
lifespan notwithstanding, Dutch Brazil (1630-1654) had a lasting
impact on the Atlantic world. The scope of Dutch warfare in Brazil
is hard to overestimate-this was the largest interimperial conflict
of the seventeenth-century Atlantic. Brazil launched the Dutch into
the transatlantic slave trade, a business they soon dominated. At
the same time, Dutch Brazil paved the way for a Jewish life in
freedom in the Americas after the first American synagogues opened
their doors in Recife. In the end, the entire colony eventually
reverted to Portuguese rule, in part because Dutch soldiers,
plagued by perennial poverty, famine, and misery, refused to take
up arms. As they did elsewhere, the Dutch lost a crucial colony
because of the empire's systematic neglect of the very soldiers on
whom its defenses rested.
After the loss of Brazil and, ten years later, New Netherland,
the Dutch scaled back their political ambitions in the Atlantic
world. Their American colonies barely survived wars with England
and France. As the imperial dimension waned, the interimperial
dimension gained strength. Dutch commerce with residents of foreign
empires thrived in a process of constant adaptation to foreign
settlers' needs and mercantilist obstacles.
eBook
Communities of Port Jews and Their Contacts in the Dutch Atlantic World
In the late 16th century, Jews and conversos created a trading network that tied together ports in Portugal, Brazil and the Netherlands. This network became the chief Dutch commercial circuit in the first quarter of the 17th century and offered benefits to Jews and conversos that were not solely economic ones. This circuit made it possible for Brazilian New Christians to return to Judaism in Amsterdam and Amsterdam Jews to establish a community in Brazil. In the process, the port Jews of Recife (Brazil) and Amsterdam became closely connected, especially after warfare closed off access to Portuguese ports in the network. Amsterdam Jews arrived in force in Recife during the 1630s, but traveled back to Amsterdam during the years 1645-54, since the Dutch colony in Brazil was shrinking and, eventually, was captured by Portuguese troops. Jews contributed commercially, financially, and militarily to this short-lived colony and were rewarded with privileges, which, for this time, were remarkable.
Journal Article