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"Brazil Environmental conditions."
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Flooded
In the middle of the twentieth century, governments ignored the
negative effects of large-scale infrastructure projects. In recent
decades, many democratic countries have continued to use dams to
promote growth, but have also introduced accompanying programs to
alleviate these harmful consequences of dams for local people, to
reduce poverty, and to promote participatory governance. This type
of dam building undoubtedly represents a step forward in
responsible governing. But have these policies really worked?
Flooded provides insights into the little-known effects of
these approaches through a close examination of Brazil's Belo Monte
hydroelectric facility. After three decades of controversy over
damming the Xingu River, a tributary of the Amazon, the dam was
completed in 2019 under the left-of-center Workers' Party, becoming
the world's fourth largest. Billions of dollars for social welfare
programs accompanied construction. Nonetheless, the dam brought
extensive social, political, and environmental upheaval to the
region. The population soared, cost of living skyrocketed, violence
spiked, pollution increased, and already overextended education and
healthcare systems were strained. Nearly 40,000 people were
displaced and ecosystems were significantly disrupted. Klein tells
the stories of dam-affected communities, including activists,
social movements, non-governmental organizations, and public
defenders and public prosecutors. He details how these groups, as
well as government officials and representatives from private
companies, negotiated the upheaval through protests, participating
in public forums for deliberation, using legal mechanisms to push
for protections for the most vulnerable, and engaging in myriad
other civic spaces. Flooded provides a rich ethnographic
account of democracy and development in the making. In the midst of
today's climate crisis, this book showcases the challenges and
opportunities of meeting increasing demands for energy in equitable
ways.
eBook
Masters of the lost land : the untold story of the Amazon and the violent fight for the world's last frontier
\"Deep in the heart of the Amazon, the city of Rondon do Pará, Brazil, lived for decades in the shadow of land barons, or fazendeiros, who maintained control of the region through unscrupulous land grabs and egregious human rights violations. They razed and burned the jungle, expelled small-scale farmers and Indigenous tribes from their lands, and treated their farmhands as slaves--all with impunity. The only true opposition came from Rondon's small but robust farmworkers' union, led by the charismatic Dezinho, who fought to put power back into the hands of the people who called the Amazon home. But when Dezinho was assassinated in cold blood, it seemed the farmworkers' struggle had come to a violent and fruitless end. What no one anticipated was that this event would bring forth an unlikely hero: Dezinho's widow. Against great odds, and at extreme personal risk, Maria Joel, now a single mother of four young children, used her ingenuity and unwavering support from union members to bring her husband's killer to account in court. Her campaign gained unexpected momentum, helping to bring international attention to the dire situation in Rondon, from Brazil's president Lula to international celebrities and civil rights groups. Maria Joel's fight for justice had far-reaching implications: it unearthed a chilling world of corruption and lawlessness rooted in Brazil's quest to turn the largest rain forest on earth into an economic frontier. As more details came out, it began to look increasingly likely that Dezinho's killer, a reluctant and inexperienced gunman, was just one piece of a larger criminal consortium, with ties leading all the way up to one of the region's most powerful and notorious fazendeiros of all.\" -- inside front jacket flap.
Book
Development for sustainable agriculture : the Brazilian cerrado
Since the mid-1970s, the tropical savanna, known as Cerrado, has been transformed into one of the world's largest grain-growing regions. This book explores how and by what Brazil achieved inclusive and sustainable growth in the Cerrado.
eBook
Kayapó Ethnoecology and Culture
Darrell A Posey died in March 2001 after a long and distinguished career in anthropology and ecology. Kayapó Ethnoecology and Culture presents a selection of his writings that result from 25 years of work with the Kayapó Indians of the Amazon Basin. These writings describe the dispersal of the Kayapó sub-groups and explain how with this diaspora useful biological species and natural resource management strategies also spread. However the Kayapó are threatened with extinction like many of the inhabitants of the Amazon basin. The author is adamant that it is no longer satisfactory for scientists to just do 'good science'. They are are increasingly asked and morally obliged to become involved in political action to protect the peoples they study.
eBook
OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Brazil 2015
This report is the first OECD review of Brazil’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and a green economy, with a focus on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and protected areas.The OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme provides independent assessments of country progress in achieving domestic and international environmental policy commitments. The reviews are conducted to improve environmental performance, promote peer learning and enhance accountability. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and provide policy-relevant recommendations.Each review cycle covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies. The most recent reviews include: Spain (2015), Poland (2015), Sweden (2014).
eBook
The Relationship of Built Environment to Health-Related Behaviors and Health Outcomes in Elderly Community Residents in a Middle Income Country
Background. Few studies have examined the impact of the built environment (BE) on health behaviours and health outcomes in middle income countries. This study examines associations between self-assessed characteristics of the home and neighbourhood environment and health-related behaviours and health outcomes in an elderly population in Brazil. Design and methods. In a community sample of 6963 community dwellers 60 years old and older living in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, associations between self-reported BE conditions and health behaviours and health outcomes were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate these associations while accounting for other relevant characteristics. Results. We found significant positive associations between adverse BE conditions and pulmonary, urinary conditions, gastrointestinal, problems, headache and depression. There were mixed associations between adverse BE conditions and musculoskeletal and sensory conditions, inverse associations with metabolic disorders. and no associations with dermatologic problems and cancer. After accounting for health related behaviours, results suggest a modest association between adverse BE conditions and hypertension, with no significant associations with other indicators of cardiovascular conditions (heart problems, stroke, varicose veins). Conclusions. The findings in this study suggest links between adverse conditions in the BE and health related behaviours in the hypothesized direction. Associations with the health conditions examined here are mixed. We find the strongest evidence for effects of adverse BE conditions for pulmonary and infectious conditions. Significant associations between the adverse BE indicators and health outcomes persist after accounting for health related behaviours, suggesting that BE conditions are linked to health pathways above and beyond the health related behaviours assessed in this study.
Journal Article