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Plans for postwar educational reconstruction in metropolitan France, colonial Africa, and transnational Europe converged on the desk of a single Free French official during the war. René Cassin served as national commissioner of justice and public instruction in Charles de Gaulle’s shadow government in London from December 1941 to June 1943. One of Cassin’s primary tasks in that capacity was to reconstitute French education along new lines in the wake of the national traumas of defeat, occupation, and collaboration. That entailed wading into entrenched ideological conflicts over schooling that had bitterly divided French leaders, educators, and the public for decades.

As a student in the mid-1940s in French schools in Senegal, Marie Louise Potin Gueye had a wildly diverse set of classroom experiences. The daughter of métis parents from royal Serer lineages, Potin Gueye was born into the small francophone elite in Saint Louis and was part of an even smaller subset of African girls pursuing formal education in the middle decades of the twentieth century.¹ In a 2010 interview with the French leftist magazine Libération, Potin Gueye, then seventy-eight, recalled how during the war, she and her classmates were forced to pay homage to Pétain at the start of

In 1991 in the Republic of Congo, a sovereign national conference in Brazzaville inaugurated a peaceful transition from socialist one‐party government to multi‐party democracy. The pluralization of public voices in the newly liberalized country – in religious movements, political parties and independent presses – expressed new conditions of understanding about the nation and its affairs. At the same time, local networks and categories of perception inflected geopolitical pressures from foreign powers into quasi‐ethnic divisions in competition for power through government representation. Subsequent conflict over contested elections sparked devastating civil war in 1997 and resulted in the return to power of the former socialist leadership. Given the uncertainties – indeed, the crises of institutions and of knowledge – during these times, how did Congolese diagnose the troubles through which the country passed? This article examines how national and socialist ideals and practices were evoked and reinterpreted to this end in public discourse through idioms of family, affliction, spiritual power and the living body. These modes of speech and action give evidence of longer‐term continuities in the region's political imaginations, as these incorporated changes brought by ongoing involvement in larger modern worlds. En 1991, dans la République du Congo, une conférence nationale souveraine inaugurait à Brazzaville une transition pacifique du gouvernement socialiste à parti unique vers une démocratie pluripartite. La pluralisation de la parole publique dans le nouveau pays libéralisé au sein des mouvements religieux, des partis politiques et de la presse indépendante, a exprimé de nouvelles conditions d'interprétation de la nation et de ses affaires. Dans le même temps, des réseaux locaux et catégories de perception ont altéré les pressions géopolitiques des puissances étrangéres en divisions quasi‐ethniques en concurrence pour le pouvoir à travers la représentation du gouvernement. Le conflit surgi au lendemain des élections contestées a déclenché la terrible guerre civile de 1997 et débouché sur le retour au pouvoir des anciens dirigeants socialistes. Compte tenu des incertitudes (tout particuliérement les crises des institutions et de la connaissance) au cours de cette période, comment les Congolais ont‐ils diagnostiqué les troubles que le pays a traversés? Cet article examine la maniére dont les pratiques et idéaux nationaux et socialistes ont été é’voqués et réinterprétés à ces fins dans le discours public à travers des idiomes de la famille, de l'affliction, du pouvoir spirituel et du corps vivant. Ces modes d'expression et d'action témoignent de continuités à long terme dans les imaginations politiques de la région, comme ces changements incorporés résultant d'une participation continue dans des mondes modernes plus vastes.

Reports, via U.S. embassy in Kinshasa, on Congo-Brazzaville's response to U.S. démarche on climate change talks in The Hague.

Zbigniew Brzezinski briefs on foreign news reaction to President Carter's speech at U.N., lack of Eastern European preparation for Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe meeting, and other matters.

Summarizes intelligence on unfolding global events with national security implications for the U.S.

Cyrus Vance briefs on Moroccan plans to withdraw forces from Zaire, motivation for removal of Nikolai Podgornii from Soviet Politburo, and other matters.

Summarizes intelligence on unfolding global events with national security implications.