Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
21,006
result(s) for
"Bricks"
Sort by:
Brick : a social history
Bricks and lime mortars came to this country with the Romans but for most people bricks become popular a little later. After the Great Fire of London, whole buildings had to be built from non-flammable materials and brick buildings came into their own. The Georgian town house became the epitome of urban design; bricks and mortar built the infrastructure of industrial Britain. Mortars had to be created that could set under water for canals and be strong enough to build long railway tunnels, whilst bricks had to be made in huge quantities. They also built the worst slums this country has ever known, contributing to the early deaths of thousands. The love affair with bricks continues today, with exposed brickwork on show in many modern buildings. This is the surprising social history of bricks in Britain.
Book
Multiple categories of bricks used for construction - A Review
Bricks are very essential materials and major contributor in construction industry and it helps to build walls, foundation and road pavements. This paper presents detailed review of various types of bricks used in constructions such as burnt clay bricks, concrete bricks, fly ash clay bricks, sand lime bricks and engineering bricks. This paper also provides valuable information in bricks experimental works such as compressive strength, water absorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Future progress and scope in bricks research are also discussed by providing some valuable future recommendation.
Journal Article
Kinetics, Isotherms, and Thermodynamic Modeling of the Adsorption of Phosphates from Model Wastewater Using Recycled Brick Waste
Phosphates in wastewater at elevated concentrations cause eutrophication of water bodies and their removal from treated wastewater is essential before effluents are discharged to the environment. Phosphates are predominately removed during wastewater treatment by chemical precipitation which is usually expensive and has a significant environmental footprint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of waste recycled bricks as adsorbent for phosphate removal during wastewater treatment. The kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of adsorption were investigated to establish the mechanisms of adsorption. The results showed that adsorption capacities increased with an increase in contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial phosphate concentration. The kinetic study indicated that adsorption was governed by several mechanisms with various processes dominating different stages of the adsorption. The adsorption process was better represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm adequately described the adsorption of phosphates onto brick particles with a maximum adsorption capacity of 5.35 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was exothermic and proceeded spontaneously, demonstrating that waste bricks can be used as a sustainable alternative for the effective removal of phosphates from wastewater.
Journal Article
Brick dark tea: a review of the manufacture, chemical constituents and bioconversion of the major chemical components during fermentation
Brick dark tea is a unique brick-formed tea compressed from the older, coarse and rough leaves and branches of
Camellia sinensis
var.
sinensis
and
C. sinensis
var.
assamica
mainly in Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China. Researches on brick dark tea have become increasingly popular owing to its special health benefits. A series of biochemical reactions occur during the special production—microbial fermentation stage and multitudinous components have been detected. Many of the functional components have been isolated and identified from brick dark tea. In this paper, modern manufacturing techniques about different kinds of brick dark tea and their effects on transformation of the chemical constituents, as well as the chemical components were reviewed and discussed.
Journal Article
Quantitative Assessment and Source of Heavy Metals in Bricks: A Case Study of Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Humans' indiscriminate usage of heavy metals has a negative impact on the world's natural ecosystem. One of the main causes of contaminating the fresh and healthy atmosphere in rural Pakistan is the use of coal and soil in an improper manner by brick kilns. Different heavy metal concentrations and their impact on the surrounding areas of Pakistan's District Lakki Marwat were investigated in this study. Acid digestion methods were used to prepare samples, which were then examined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentrations of cadmium, iron, and lead in certain samples exceeded the WHO's permitted level, whereas nickel and zinc concentrations were within the limit. It was also discovered that the supply of raw materials is the key determinant in the buildup of heavy metals in the areas near bricks kilns not the age of the kiln
Journal Article
Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction
This study explores the enhancement of thermal insulation in fired clay bricks through the incorporation of chitosan (CS) as a biopolymeric dopant. A series of composite samples were prepared with CS concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, and their structural, mechanical, and thermophysical qualities were comprehensively investigated. Analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to assess compositional and morphological changes. The introduction of CS led to increased XRD peak intensity, indicating improved crystalline organization, while FTIR spectra revealed the presence of CS-associated functional groups. SEM micrographs confirmed the development of a more porous microstructure, and TGA data demonstrated enhanced thermal stability. The CS-modified bricks exhibited an increase in porous topography (33.2–47.9%), a reduction in bulk density (i.e., 1.84–1.29 g/cm
3
), and improved compressive strength (from 0.768 to 1.232 MPa). It is noteworthy that the clay@CS (6%) mix encountered a low thermal diffusivity in addition to the lowest thermal conductivity value (i.e., 0.3418–0.2334 W/mk). The findings show that adding more CS to composite bricks significantly improves their thermal insulation qualities (i.e., 0.314–0.213 mm
2
/S). These outcomes underscore the potential of CS as a sustainable additive for improving the performance of clay-based construction materials, offering promising implications for energy-efficient and environmentally conscious building applications.
Journal Article
Properties of Cementitious Materials with Recycled Aggregate and Powder Both from Clay Brick Waste
The utilization of recycled brick aggregate (RBA) and recycled brick powder (RBP) in cementitious materials helps the reclamation of clay brick waste in construction and demolition waste. This work studied the properties of cementitious materials with RBA as aggregate and RBP as supplementary cementitious material. The RBA has lower apparent density and higher water absorption than natural aggregate, and RBP with an irregular micro-structure contains high content of silicon and aluminum oxides and possesses excellent pozzolanic activity. Incorporating RBP decreases the fluidity and increases the setting time, but the incorporated RBP improves the pore structure and decreases the average pore diameter of cementitious materials, thereby decreasing the permeability. Utilizing RBA increases the drying shrinkage, while the incorporated RBP decreases the drying shrinkage of cementitious materials; the mortar with 50% RBA and 30% RBP has the lower drying shrinkage than the common mortar without RBA and RBP. Incorporating RBA and high-volume RBP decreases the mechanical strength, while there is no obvious decrease in the mechanical strength for the mortar with 50% RBA and 30% RBP. Moreover, the flexural strength to compressive strength ratio increases with RBA and RBP incorporating. Utilizing RBA increases the water transport, while the water transport properties decrease with the RBP incorporation; incorporating appropriate content of RBA and RBP can obtain the cementitious materials with low permeability. Particularly, a significant decrease in chloride ingress occurs with the substitution of RBP.
Journal Article
Circular Economy Enabler: Enhancing High-Performance Bricks through Geopolymerization of Plastic Waste
This article investigates the merging of geopolymerization and plastic waste usage, imagining high-performance brick production that couples innovation with sustainability, in an effort to transform the environmental effect of the building sector. This idea is supported by the circular economy, which diverts resources from waste streams into a closed-loop paradigm. By creating inorganic polymers from aluminosilicate-rich sources, the chemical process of geopolymerization provides a paradigm change in the production of materials. This procedure is improved even more by the addition of plastic trash, which combats plastic pollution and improves brick qualities. In order to create a more resilient and environmentally conscientious construction industry in the future, this paper outlines the process’s complexities, advantages, and difficulties while arguing for a harmonic fusion of circular economy concepts, technical innovation, and environmental stewardship.
Journal Article
Recycling of Cigarette Butts in Fired Clay Bricks: A New Laboratory Investigation
Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most commonly littered waste material in the world. It is estimated that over 5.7 trillion cigarettes are consumed worldwide each year. Consequently, millions of tonnes of highly toxic waste are contaminating the environment. CBs are composed of cellulose acetate filters—a polymer with poor biodegradability—and which, depending upon the environmental conditions, can take many years to decompose. In this study, fired clay bricks were manufactured with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by mass and tested against control bricks with 0% CBs. The results revealed a decrease in compressive strength from 48.6 MPa for 0% CB content bricks to 30.8 MPa for 1% CB content bricks, and a decrease in dry density with the increase in CB content, from 2114 kg/m3 for the control bricks to 1983 kg/m3 and 1969 kg/m3 for 1% and 2% CB content bricks. The highest value of water absorption appeared for 2% CB content bricks, which reached an absorption rate of 13.1% compared to 9% for the control bricks. The energy required during the firing process was calculated with a saving of up to 10.20%, for bricks incorporating 1% CBs. The thermal conductivity of the samples showed a reduction of 17% from 1.078 to 0.898 W m−1·K−1 with the addition of 1% CBs. In addition, the manufactured bricks were tested for efflorescence, an initial rate of absorption (IRA), microstructural analysis, and shrinkage. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) is recommended to analyze the environmental impacts of bricks incorporating CBs.
Journal Article