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"Bridal bouquets."
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Infection of groundnut ringspot virus in Plumeria pudica characterized by irregular virus distribution and intermittent expression of symptoms
Plumeria pudica , known as bridal bouquet, exhibiting characteristic symptoms of orthotospovirus infection were found in different localities in Brazil. Symptoms were restricted to leaves of the middle and lower thirds of a few branches of each plant. Electron microscopy, molecular analyses, and complete genome sequencing identified the orthotospovirus as groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV),member of the species Orthotospovirus arachianuli . The virus was poorly transmitted mechanically to P. pudica . Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses performed using total RNA extracted from leaf blades, primary veins, petioles, and regions of petiole insertion on branches indicated the presence of GRSV, predominantly in the symptomatic leaf blades. Symptomatic branches propagate vegetatively, often resulting in plants expressing GRSV symptoms. In contrast, vegetative propagation of the asymptomatic branches of infected plants predominantly generates plants without GRSV symptoms. The resistance of P. pudica plants to GRSV infection, restricted systemic viral movement, and expression of symptoms in infected plants suggest that this orthotospovirus does not threaten this ornamental plant.
Journal Article
Vegetative Propagation of Plumeria pudica Subjected to Different Proportions of Decomposed Babassu Stem
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the decomposed babassu stem in the vegetative propagation of bridal bouquets. Theoretical Framework: The bridal bouquet (Plumeria pudica) is a perennial shrub of the Apocynaceae family, native to Venezuela and Panama, which can reach four meters in height. Studies have shown that the substrate of decomposed stems of babassu tree (Attalea speciosa Mart.) stands out for the production of flowering seedlings in the northeast region, being very abundant in the Maranhão region and low cost. Method: The research was carried out in a greenhouse with 70% light interception, at the Chapadinha Center of the Federal University of Maranhão. A completely randomized design was adopted, delimiting six substrate treatments based on decomposed babassu tree (CDB) added to soil in the proportions of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100% of CDB. The variables analyzed were number of leaves (NF) and number of shoots (NB), leaf area (AF), length of the largest shoot (CMB) and root length (CR), fresh mass of the root system (MFSR), dry mass of the aerial part (MSPA), dry mass of the root system (MSSR) and percentage of survival (PS). For statistical analyses, InfoStat® was used. Results and Discussion: The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, using the “F” test, to diagnose significant effects between the different substrates and comparison of means using the Tukey test at 5% probability. Given that the best proportion for this experiment was 100% CDB, which provided good conditions for the bridal bouquet seedlings. Research Implications: Plumeria pudica is a common species in eastern Maranhão, where decomposed babassu substrate is frequently used. The evaluation of different substrates for seedling production is essential to optimize cultivation and enable the commercialization of the plants. Originality/Value: The decomposed babassu substrate has not yet been tested for Plumeria pudica. In this sense, its evaluation may bring new possibilities for the propagation and commercialization of the species.
Journal Article
Wedding bouquets and flowers
\"Flowers have been used in wedding ceremonies for centuries; fashions may change but their popularity endures. Today brides can choose from an ever-widening range of styles and designs including spectacular blooms, individual fantasies and simple, natural displays - the creative potential is huge when the love of flowers is combined with the confidence to experiment. This new book gives brides and florists a hands-on guide to floral designs to celebrate the happiest and most special of days. Packed with tips and tricks, it explains how to plan, prepare and transport the flowers, as well as advising on colour scheme and displays. Detailed instruction to techniques and demonstrations are supported by over 400 step-by-step photographs and there is also a complete guide to four seasonal weddings set in a church, a castle, a hotel and a garden\"--Publisher's description.
Book
Petal perfection
Transforming bridal settings into elegant extravaganzas, floral designer J. Barry Ferguson is a wizard at expressing love in bloom.
Magazine Article