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"Bridges (structures)"
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The building of the Golden Gate bridge
Gives readers a behind-the-scenes look at the building of the Golden Gate Bridge. Additional features include a table of contents, a Fast Facts spread, critical-thinking questions, primary source quotes and accompanying source notes, a phonetic glossary, an index, and sources for further research.-- amazon.com.
Book
Influence Line-Based Design of Scissors-Type Bridge
Globally, large-scale natural disasters are occurring more frequently due to climatic and environmental changes. In addition, the disaster risk for infrastructures, mainly bridges, has become a vulnerability issue because reinforced concrete bridge structures are being directly exposed to the natural environment. Bridge structures linking cities or prefectures are destroyed in the aftermath of natural disasters and must be rebuilt. As a post-disaster measure, rapid reconstruction of damaged bridges and the reconnection of transportation systems between impacted locations and urban areas are the main problems encountered. This study aims to solve these problems through the application of a novel concept of an emergency bridge based on origami-inspired post-buckling theory, in conjunction with previous studies investigating the optimal deployable structure of scissors-type bridges. This study applied a novel design method for scissor-type bridges that use influence line diagrams and equilibrium equations. The proposed methods can determine the size of each member appropriately while providing the minimum and maximum values of the influence line border when carrying light vehicles by analyzing variations in the live load distribution on the structure. In the case of heavy vehicles passing over a bridge, the fundamental internal axial forces and bending moments were obtained, which provided design parameters for improving the load-carrying capacity of the structure. The proposed emergency bridge has a lower theoretical stress than that of a double-Warren truss.
Journal Article
Where is the Brooklyn Bridge?
\"Building the Brooklyn Bridge was no simple feat. Despite a brilliant plan from a father-son team of engineers, the process was a dangerous and grueling one. Construction workers developed a mysterious illness (now known as the bends), several died, and the project had devastating effects on the engineers' lives. Still, after fourteen years, the Brooklyn Bridge was finished and became the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time and is still widely admired today. Megan Stine tells the fascinating story behind one of the city's best-loved landmarks.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Research on Train-Induced Vibration of High-Speed Railway Station with Different Structural Forms
Elevated stations are integral components of urban rail transit systems, significantly impacting passengers’ travel experience and the operational efficiency of the transportation system. However, current elevated station designs often do not sufficiently consider the structural dynamic response under various operating conditions. This oversight can limit the operational efficiency of the stations and pose potential safety hazards. Addressing this issue, this study establishes a vehicle-bridge-station spatial coupling vibration simulation model utilizing the self-developed software GSAP V1.0, focusing on integrated station-bridge and combined station-bridge elevated station designs. The simulation results are meticulously compared with field data to ensure the fidelity of the model. Analyzing the dynamic response of the station in relation to train parameters reveals significant insights. Notably, under similar travel conditions, integrated stations exhibit lower vertical acceleration in the rail-bearing layer compared to combined stations, while the vertical acceleration patterns at the platform and hall layers demonstrate contrasting behaviors. At lower speeds, the vertical acceleration at the station concourse level is comparable for both station types, yet integrated stations exhibit notably higher platform-level acceleration. Conversely, under high-speed conditions, integrated stations show increased vertical acceleration at the platform and hall levels compared to combined stations, particularly under unloaded double-line working conditions, indicating a superior dynamic performance of combined stations in complex operational scenarios. However, challenges such as increased station height due to bridge box girder maintenance, track layer waterproofing, and track girder support maintenance exist for combined stations, warranting comprehensive evaluation for station selection. Further analysis of integrated station-bridge structures reveals that adjustments in the floor slab thickness at the rail-bearing and platform levels significantly reduce dynamic responses, whereas increasing the rail beam height notably diminishes displacement responses. Conversely, alterations in the waiting hall floor slab thickness and frame column cross-sections exhibit a minimal impact on the station dynamics. Overall, optimizing structural dimensions can effectively mitigate dynamic responses, offering valuable insights for station design and operation.
Journal Article
Golden Gate : building the mighty bridge
\"Elizabeth Partridge and Mark Siegel vividly portray the awe-inspiring and groundbreaking construction of the beloved landmark and symbol of San Francisco. Built across a treacherous strait during the Great Depression, the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge was an unprecedented, awe-inspiring feat, and truly a testament to the power of hope, perseverance, and human ingenuity's ability to defy the odds\"-- Provided by publisher.
CHILDBOOK
Gaussian copula–Bayesian dynamic linear model–based time-dependent reliability prediction of bridge structures considering nonlinear correlation between failure modes
Bridge structures in service are subjected to long-term ambient environments and continuously increasing traffic demands; therefore, the physical quantities of the existing bridge structures are subjected to changes in both time and space. Through health monitoring for bridges, the data of the load effects of bridge structures, including strain, stress, deflection, and so on, of the specified structural components or structures, can be obtained. The novel monitoring systems installed in bridge structures contain sensors providing a large amount of monitored data. Proper processing of the continuously provided monitored data is one of the main difficulties in the field of structural health monitoring for time-dependent reliability prediction of structural components and/or structures. Under the actions of the common random sources of the time-dependent input load data, the time-dependent nonlinear correlation will exist among the time-dependent output load effect data. The Bayesian dynamic linear models are introduced to predict the time-dependent output variables and model the time-dependent nonlinear correlation coefficients between them. Then, the Gaussian copula–Bayesian dynamic linear models are built based on the Gaussian copula theory and the time-dependent correlation coefficients. The models can better and more feasibly predict the future reliability of bridge structures. Finally, an actual application example is provided to illustrate the feasibility and application of the built Gaussian copula–Bayesian dynamic linear models for structural reliability prediction.
Journal Article
Building the Golden Gate Bridge
\"From idea to national landmark, this early chapter book highlights the building sequence of the Golden Gate Bridge showing elementary readers how it was engineered and built\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Vector-intensity measure based seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures
This paper presents a method for seismic vulnerability analysis of bridge structures based on vector-valued intensity measure （viM）, which predicts the limit-state capacities efficiently with multi-intensity measures of seismic event. Accounting for the uncertainties of the bridge model, ten single-bent overpass bridge structures are taken as samples statistically using Latin hypercube sampling approach. 200 earthquake records are chosen randomly for the uncertainties of ground motions according to the site condition of the bridges. The uncertainties of structural capacity and seismic demand are evaluated with the ratios of demand to capacity in different damage state. By comparing the relative importance of different intensity measures, Sa（T1） and Sa（T2） are chosen as viM. Then, the vector-valued fragility functions of different bridge components are developed. Finally, the system-level vulnerability of the bridge based on viM is studied with Duunett- Sobel class correlation matrix which can consider the correlation effects of different bridge components. The study indicates that an increment IMs from a scalar IM to viM results in a significant reduction in the dispersion of fragility functions and in the uncertainties in evaluating earthquake risk. The feasibility and validity of the proposed vulnerability analysis method is validated and the bridge is more vulnerable than any components.
Journal Article
Seismic Performance of Precast Columns with Mechanically Spliced Column-Footing Connections
This paper presents the results from a large-scale experimental study that was conducted at the University of Nevada, Reno, NV. Five half-scale bridge column models were constructed and tested under reversed slow cyclic loading. The study focused on developing four new moment connections at column-footing joints for accelerated bridge construction in regions of high seismicity. The new connections were employed in precast columns, each using mechanical splices to create connectivity with reinforcing bars in a cast-in-place footing. Two different mechanical splices were studied: an upset headed coupler and a grout-filled sleeve coupler. Along with the splice type, the location of couplers within the plastic hinge zone was also a test variable. All precast models were designed with the intent to emulate conventional cast-in-place construction and, thus, were compared with a conventional cast-in-place test model. Results indicate the behavior of these new connections was similar to that of conventional cast-in-place construction with respect to key response parameters, although the plastic hinge mechanism could be significantly affected by the couplers. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article