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Oesophageal duplication cysts are a subtype of foregut cysts, associated with the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa. Gastric acid secreted by this mucosa can lead to complications. We report one such unusual case of complication leading to the formation of broncho-oesophageal fistula in a duplication cyst. A girl in her middle childhood presented with a long-duration cough and multiple respiratory infections. On investigation, a right-sided paraoesophageal air-filled cystic lesion was identified, with a possible communication with the airway, confirmed by an oral contrast study. On further workup, a positive uptake was noted on Meckel’s scan, signifying the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa. The findings were confirmed surgically and on histopathology and were consistent with a duplication cyst with broncho-oesophageal fistula. An unexplained upper respiratory tract symptomatology should mandate imaging, which would enable early detection and appropriate surgical management of such cysts in infancy and childhood.

Pulmonary sequestration and congenital broncho-esophageal fistula are both rare malformations; nonetheless, in the presence of recurrent pulmonary infection, the possibility that one or the other may be involved should not be disregarded. To our knowledge, the concurrence of intralobar pulmonary sequestration and congenital broncho-esophageal fistula is very rare. Herein, we report a case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration combined with congenital broncho-esophageal fistula, both of which were successfully treated with surgery.

Congenital tracheo-or-bronchobiliary fistula is a rare anomaly. Here, we present a malnourished child with persistent and recurrent respiratory symptoms. Flexible bronchoscopy and imaging studies were carried out to ascertain the diagnosis, anatomy and associated anomalies prior to surgery. Patient underwent successful corrective surgery with complete resolution of symptoms.

The case of a 62-year-old woman with a type II congenital broncho-esophageal fistula is presented. She had had recurrent pulmonary infections that were more prominent in the last 15 years. A barium swallow examination showed a communication between the esophagus and the right lower lobe. High resolution computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed right middle and lower lobe bronchiectasis. Bronchoscopy was unremarkable. At thoracotomy bronchoesophageal fistula was divided and the esophageal end was repaired in two layered fashion and reinforced by pediculed parietal pleural flap. Right middle and lower lobectomies were performed. Demonstration of the broncho-esophageal fistula and assessment of the status of the pulmonary parenchyma are important steps prior to surgery.

Congenital bronchobiliary fistula (CBBF) is a rare anomaly. Twenty-three cases have been reported since the anomaly was first described in 1952. Most of these cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy, cholangiography, or hepatobiliary nuclear imaging. Our case of a newborn with bilious emesis with CBBF was depicted by T1-weighted gradient-echo MRI sequences.

Broncho-esophageal fistula (BEF) are quite rare in adults, more so the congenital variety. The common causes of BEF in adults include infections, trauma, and malignancies. We report a rare case of congenital BEF manifesting in adulthood with repeated pulmonary infections. We emphasize mainly on the preoperative preparation and perioperative management of this patient. It is essential to have a high index of suspicion to diagnose congenital BEF in adults. Anesthesiologists play an important role in successful management of these cases.

Congenital malformations are an heterogeneous group of disorders that can lead changes in pulmonary perfusion and then can be evaluated with lung perfusion scintigraphy. We selected five patients in which the role of lung perfusion scintigraphy emerges as a reliable and non-invasive imaging technique. Lung perfusion scintigraphy is a useful tool in pediatric patients with congenital malformations allowing an accurate evaluation of the best therapeutic strategy and its results.

We report adult congenital bronchoesophageal fistula with both symptomatic fistula and asymptomatic one. A 56-year-old woman with a history of cough after drinking fluids was diagnosed as bronchoesophageal fistula by upper gastrointestinal series that showed a diverticulum in the middle portion of the esophagus with a fistula between the esophagus and right lower lung. Esophagoscopy revealed an orifice of the fistula located 27 cm from the incisors. Computed tomography showed chronic inflammatory change with bronchiectasis in the S6 segment of the right lung. The patient underwent video assisted thoracic surgery that identified two fistulae without missing a symptomatic one, and both were successfully resected. The fistulae were lined by squamous epithelium and smooth muscle without evidence of malignancy, infection or chronic inflammation that were histologically compatible with congenital fistulae.

Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula is a rare anomaly that may go undiagnosed for many years. There are <200 reported cases in the literature. Patients usually present with chronic cough, a history of multiple pneumonias, and, less often, hemoptysis. The most sensitive test to diagnose a bronchoesophageal fistula is barium esophagogram. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice and is definitive in almost all cases. We present the case of a 52-yr-old woman with a history of cough and multiple pneumonias who sought medical treatment for abdominal pain. We discuss the presentation and the radiographic, endoscopic, and surgical findings, along with a review of the literature.