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"Bronzes, Roman."
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Roman Period Statuettes in the Netherlands and beyond
The subject of this study is a relatively rare category of artefacts, bronze and terracotta statuettes that represent deities, human figures and animals. They were introduced in the northwestern provinces by Roman troops from the end of the first century BCE onwards. The statuettes have been recovered from military and non-military settlements, the surrounding landscape and, to a far lesser extent, from sanctuaries and graves. Until now, their meaning and function have seldom been analysed in relation to their find-spots. Contrary to traditional studies, they have been examined as one separate category of artefacts, which offers new insights into the distribution pattern and iconographic representation of deities. When studying a group of artefacts, a large research area or a large dataset is required, as well as dateable artefacts and find-contexts. These conditions do not apply to the Netherlands and to the majority of statuettes that are central to this study. Moreover, although the changing appearance of statuettes suggest a transformation of cults, the identities of the owners of these statuettes remain invisible to us. Therefore, the issue of Romanization is not put central here. Instead, the focus is on a specific aspect of religion, known as lived religion, within the wider subject of its transformation in the Roman period: how people used statuettes in everyday life, in the context of their houses and settlements.
eBook
New data about the use of coinage in Late Antique Tridentum (Trento, Italy)
In 2003, rescue excavations at Piazzeta dell'Anfiteatro, Trento, identified an extramural funerary area dated to the 5th c. CE. The necropolis yielded 45 coins (3rd–5th c.), most of which were involuntary losses. Owing to the sound stratigraphy of the site, these coins present a reliable sample of coinage circulating in Tridentum during the 5th c. This study presents a brief synthesis of the transformations undergone by the Late Antique city, so as to understand the dynamics attested in Piazzeta dell'Anfiteatro, a description of the stratigraphic units that contained coins, and a detailed analysis of the coins from several perspectives. The aim is to improve our understanding of the Late Antique monetary history of the city and Trentino's territory.
Journal Article
Considering New Functions in Thermal Bath Buildings: The Singular Heating Water System from the Roman Spa of Termas de São Vicente (Penafiel, Portugal)
The archaeological research we carried out between 2020-2023 (pipa bal-saovicente) in the Roman Spa of Termas de São Vicente, in Penafiel, Portugal, in order obtain a better understanding of this archaeological site preserved in the park of the modern spa, provided us with the opportunity to study a singular water heating system, using a piece of bronze discovered in situ at the beginning of 20th century. In this article, we present the results of the research through the formal, analytical and functional study of this object and its archaeological context, which shed light on a new type of structure used in thermal buildings to heat and evaporate the mineral water used in these Roman mineral-medicinal bath complexes.
Journal Article
Two bronze vases in the Musée du Petit Palais
Deux vases en bronze attribués à la période romaine font partie des collections d’œuvres d’art qu’Auguste Dutuit légua au Petit Palais à son décès, en 1902. En 1980, ils furent considérés comme des créations à l’antique du xix e siècle. Néanmoins, les reproductions de plusieurs dessins du début du xix e s. appartenant à la Lewis Walpole Library de l’université de Yale ont récemment circulé dans la communauté scientifique. Ils attestent qu’au xviii e s., les deux vases faisaient partie de la collection d’Horace Walpole en Angleterre. De fait, l’un d’entre eux fut publié dès 1707, alors qu’il se trouvait encore à Rome. Cet article retrace d’abord leur provenance et leur passage dans plusieurs collections privées notables. Il démontre ensuite que plusieurs aspects stylistiques – notamment les décors figurés et floraux en relief sur leur panse – initialement considérés comme indicateurs de leur origine moderne, confirment au contraire leur origine antique. Two bronze vases attributed to the Roman period were among the collections of works of art left to the Musée du Petit Palais by Auguste Dutuit on his death in 1902. In 1980 they were published as 19 th -century creations after the antique. Yet, images of several early 19 th -century drawings owned by the Lewis Walpole Library at Yale University, recently circulating among scholars, indicate that the two vases were in the collection of Horace Walpole in England in the 18 th century. In fact one of them was published as early as 1707 when it was still in Rome. This paper first traces their provenance through many notable private collections and then argues that stylistic aspects, including figural and floral relief decoration on their shoulders, once suggesting a modern origin, instead demonstrate their antiquity.
Journal Article
MICRO-STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF SOME ARTIFACTS DISCOVERED AT POROLISSUM
the paper presents the investigation of two fragments of roman bronze artefacts, discovered during archaeological works performed at Porolissum, an important military and economical point on the northern limes of Dacia Province. One of the analyzed fragments (Mi1) was taken from a consistent fragment of a Roman bronze statue, while the second (Mi2) was among a lot of small metal pieces, discovered in the same investigated area. Using highly sophisticated micro-structural analysing techniques - X-Ray diffraction, the paper investigates the possibility that the Mi2 fragment may have belonged to the same statue from which the sample Mi1 was taken
Journal Article
Roman Bronze Vessels From the Late Sarmatian Burial of the Lebedevka Burial-Ground in Western Kazakhstan
This paper is devoted to studying cultural monuments – bronze vessels, a jug and a basin from the barrow no. 1/1967 of the Lebedevka Late Sarmatian burial mound (Western Kazakhstan), dating back to the middle of the 3rd century AD at the latest. These items do not find exact parallels among the bronze vessels of provincial Rome. Although the shape of the jug handle with a curved leaf turned upright between two horizontally arranged swan heads has parallels on the so-called “composite jug with handles” (“gegliederten Henkelkrügen”), the cylindrical form of the jug’s neck peculiar of the glass jugs of allegedly Syrian manufacture of the second half of the 3rd-4th centuries AD is very unusual. Even more unusual is a basin with horizontally bent rim and elaborate handles with pearls on a high narrow stand-ring. The XRF analyses of the Lebedevka jug’s metal revealed that its body and handle were made of a copper-based alloy with very high admixtures of zinc (24-27 %) and inconsiderable additions of lead (up to 3 %). A similar alloy was used for manufacturing a vessel in the form of a crouching young negro from Niederbieber. Most objects of provincial Roman import reached Western Kazakhstan via the Bosporan kingdom along the Northern branch of the Silk Road. The above discussed bronze vessels from Lebedevka let suggest, that the nomads could receive some import articles that were brought along the caravan routes leading from Egypt and Syria to the East.
Journal Article
UNA EXCEPCIONAL LUCERNA DE BRONCE CON DECORACION DE MASCARA TEATRAL DE COMPLUTUM
Se presenta una excepcional lucerna plástica de bronce. El contexto arqueológico del que procede la pieza corresponde a una notable domus de la ciudad romana de Complutum que ha sido datada en el s. I d. C.; sin embargo, se ha podido constatar que varias de sus estancias fueron reutilizadas para la producción metalúrgica a partir del s. iii d. C. El análisis de la pieza ha permitido definirla como una lucerna plástica de bronce plomado de buena calidad que cuenta con la representación de una máscara teatral, concretamente del 'esclavo listo' de la Comedia Nueva, imagen que se rastrea en otras producciones romanas. A través del estudio de este objeto se constatan las dificultades de la disciplina arqueológica a la hora de establecer tipologías universalmente reconocidas para las lucernas de bronce; sin embargo, se concluye que tipológicamente es posible detectar su vinculación con tipos descritos para talleres de la zona de la bahía de Nápoles. Se trata de una pieza excepcional que cuenta con escasos paralelos documentados en el mundo romano. Su fabricación parece corresponder a un momento situado a lo largo del s. I o comienzos del s. II d. C.; a pesar de ello, su uso debió continuar hasta fechas cercanas a finales del s. IV. Todo parece indicar que se trata de una probable producción itálica.
Journal Article