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"Brown, Michael"
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Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States
As thousands of demonstrators took to the streets of Ferguson, Missouri, to protest the fatal police shooting of unarmed African American teenager Michael Brown in the summer of 2014, news and commentary on the shooting, the protests, and the militarized response that followed circulated widely through social media networks. Through a theorization of hashtag usage, we discuss how and why social media platforms have become powerful sites for documenting and challenging episodes of police brutality and the misrepresentation of racialized bodies in mainstream media. We show how engaging in \"hashtag activism\" can forge a shared political temporality, and, additionally, we examine how social media platforms can provide strategic outlets for contesting and reimagining the materiality of racialized bodies. Our analysis combines approaches from linguistic anthropology and social movements research to investigate the semiotics of digital protest and to interrogate both the possibilities and the pitfalls of engaging in \"hashtag ethnography.\"
Journal Article
The Ferguson report : an erasure
Nicole Sealey began making erasures from the US Department of Justice's 2015 report detailing bias policing and court practices in the city of Ferguson, Missouri, three years after the murder of Michael Brown by Ferguson police. She revisits that investigation in an act of erasure that reimagines the entire original text as it strips it away.
Book
Victim Blaming in Twitter Users' Framing of Eric Garner and Michael Brown
Using a critical race lens, this analysis extends the victim-blaming literature to examine representations of Black males killed by White police officers. Specifically, it explores tweets that emerged following the deaths of Michael Brown and Eric Garner in 2014. Study findings indicate Twitter users often used victim-blaming discourse to present the incidents of violence against Black men as isolated cases of punishment they deserved instead of the manifestations of larger social problems and systematic injustices. Common victim-blaming themes used to frame the two men were criminal actions/culpability, physical features, and race and class characteristics. A counter narrative toward justice and policy change later emerged, and the two men's deaths became a catalyst for change. Notably, the #BlackLivesMatter campaign became an impetus to help foster growth in the Black liberation movement.
Journal Article
Medal Winners
As the ground war in Vietnam escalated in the late 1960s, the US government leveraged the so-called doctor draft to secure adequate numbers of medical personnel in the armed forces. Among newly minted physicians’ few alternatives to military service was the Clinical Associate Training Program at the National Institutes of Health. Though only a small percentage of applicants were accepted, the elite program launched an unprecedented number of remarkable scientific careers that would revolutionize medicine at the end of the twentieth century. Medal Winners recounts this overlooked chapter and unforeseen byproduct of the Vietnam War through the lives of four former NIH clinical associates who would go on to become Nobel laureates. Raymond S. Greenberg traces their stories from their pre-NIH years and apprenticeships through their subsequent Nobel Prize–winning work, which transformed treatment of heart disease, cancer, and other diseases. Greenberg shows how the Vietnam draft unintentionally ushered in a golden era of research by bringing talented young physicians under the tutelage of leading scientists and offers a lesson in what it may take to replicate such a towering center of scientific innovation as the NIH in the 1960s and 1970s.
eBook
Saving the Endangered Physician-Scientist — A Plan for Accelerating Medical Breakthroughs
Physician-scientists have been a driving force in biomedical research and have made broad contributions in both the private and public sectors. In the past four decades, however, the proportion of U.S. physicians engaged in research has dropped.
Journal Article
THE PERCEPTION OF THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY THROUGH THE EYES OF THE HISPANIC MEDIA IN THE U.S.: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE REPORTING OF THE DEATH OF MICHAEL BROWN
En este estudio se examinan 36 artículos de prensa en inglés y 38 en español publicados en EE.UU. entre agosto y noviembre de 2014. Estos artículos comentan la muerte de Michael Brown, las protestas consecutivas y las investigaciones policiales. Un análisis discursivo demuestra que las diferencias entre el enfoque de los medios hispánicos y el de los medios en inglés son pequeñas. Igual que los medios en inglés, los medios hispánicos adoptan un punto de vista neutro respecto de la minoría afroamericana. Su opinión acerca de la policía, no obstante, es negativa. Estos resultados parecen indicar que los medios hispánicos no toman explícitamente partido de la comunidad afroamericana, sino que prefieren seguir la corriente de los medios en inglés, que influyen de manera sustancial en ellos.
Journal Article
An Eighteenth-Century Catholic Enlightenment in Ireland?
Recent scholarship has pushed the idea of a Catholic Enlightenment in Europe, including specifically in Ireland. When such scholarly movements are overzealous, the concepts can become either meaningless or so narrow as to be without much use in intellectual history. Resisting the trend to see many national and Catholic enlightenments, I argue that there was not a C atholic Enlightenment in eighteenth-century Ireland. Analysing the concepts of Enlightenment and Catholic Enlightenment in particular, I examine several alleged cases of Irish Catholic enlightened figures and contend that those cases are better understood in the context of an Ireland as an occupied and oppressed land. I nonetheless defend a core conception of the Catholic Enlightenment that promotes its usefulness as a concept in European intellectual history.
Journal Article
All Visual, all the Time: Towards a Theory of Visual Practices for Pastoral Theological Reflection
Visual culture deeply influences those whom pastoral care providers serve, and contemporary practices with images complicate images’ contribution to personal or social suffering. I begin by describing the mobile, networked dynamics of contemporary visual practices, which include receiving but also creating, curating, and sharing images in emergent and shifting visual communities. I then utilize visual studies theorist Gary Shapiro’s concept of visual regimes, outlining how images work as a kind of soft power that influences the social construction of meaning. I illustrate these practices through a selection of images surrounding the police shooting of Michael Brown by officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri, and the protests and online debates that arose from that tragic event. I suggest throughout this paper that images play a major part in the social construction of subjective worlds and thus contribute both to our suffering and to the meaning we make from our suffering.
Journal Article
Divergent discourse between protests and counter-protests: #BlackLivesMatter and #AllLivesMatter
Since the shooting of Black teenager Michael Brown by White police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri, the protest hashtag #BlackLivesMatter has amplified critiques of extrajudicial killings of Black Americans. In response to #BlackLivesMatter, other Twitter users have adopted #AllLivesMatter, a counter-protest hashtag whose content argues that equal attention should be given to all lives regardless of race. Through a multi-level analysis of over 860,000 tweets, we study how these protests and counter-protests diverge by quantifying aspects of their discourse. We find that #AllLivesMatter facilitates opposition between #BlackLivesMatter and hashtags such as #PoliceLivesMatter and #BlueLivesMatter in such a way that historically echoes the tension between Black protesters and law enforcement. In addition, we show that a significant portion of #AllLivesMatter use stems from hijacking by #BlackLivesMatter advocates. Beyond simply injecting #AllLivesMatter with #BlackLivesMatter content, these hijackers use the hashtag to directly confront the counter-protest notion of \"All lives matter.\" Our findings suggest that Black Lives Matter movement was able to grow, exhibit diverse conversations, and avoid derailment on social media by making discussion of counter-protest opinions a central topic of #AllLivesMatter, rather than the movement itself.
Journal Article