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Further thoughts on this month’s theme
News, quotes, and insights from the past related to the theme of the December 2023/January 2024 issue of Kappan, “Preparing school and district leaders.”
Journal Article
Further thoughts on this month’s theme
News, quotes, and insights from the past related to the theme of the October 2023 issue of Kappan, “Multilingual students, multilingual schools.”
Journal Article
Ungulate Browsing Maintains Shrub Diversity in the Absence of Episodic Disturbance in Seasonally-Arid Conifer Forest: e86288
Ungulates exert a strong influence on the composition and diversity of vegetation communities. However, little is known about how ungulate browsing pressure interacts with episodic disturbances such as fire and stand thinning. We assessed shrub responses to variable browsing pressure by cattle and elk in fuels treated (mechanical removal of fuels followed by prescribed burning) and non-fuels treated forest sites in northeastern Oregon, US. Seven treatment paddocks were established at each site; three with cattle exclusion and low, moderate and high elk browsing pressure, three with elk exclusion and low, moderate and high cattle browsing pressure, and one with both cattle and elk exclusion. The height, cover and number of stems of each shrub species were recorded at multiple plots within each paddock at the time of establishment and six years later. Changes in shrub species composition over the six year period were explored using multivariate analyses. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to determine the effect of browsing pressure on the change in shrub diversity and evenness. Vegetation composition in un-browsed paddocks changed more strongly and in different trajectories than in browsed paddocks at sites that were not fuels treated. In fuels treated sites, changes in composition were minimal for un-browsed paddocks. Shrub diversity and evenness decreased strongly in un-browsed paddocks relative to paddocks with low, moderate and high browsing pressure at non-fuels treated sites, but not at fuels treated sites. These results suggest that in the combined absence of fire, mechanical thinning and ungulate browsing, shrub diversity is reduced due to increased dominance by certain shrub species which are otherwise suppressed by ungulates and/or fuels removal. Accordingly, ungulate browsing, even at low intensities, can be used to suppress dominant shrub species and maintain diversity in the absence of episodic disturbance events.
Journal Article
HIDDEN SEMI-MARKOV MODEL FOR DETECTING APPLICATION LAYER DDOS ATTACKS
Distributed denials of Service attacks (DDoS) have become one of the major threat on the internet. Most defence methods are focused on detecting DDoS attack on IP & TCP layer instead of application layer. With profiling of web browsing behaviour, the sequence order of web page request can be used for detecting Application layer DDoS (App_DDoS) attacks. Based on Hidden semi-Markov model (HsMM) ,a novel anomaly detector is used to describe the browsing behaviour of web users. Average Information entropy (AIE) of user's HTTP request sequence used as a criterion to measure the user's normality. K-means algorithm derived for on line implementation of the model based on M-algorithm. The proposed method is experimentally confirmed with various types of new App-DDoS attack .Our experiment shows the detector and the filter that are based on the behavior model. The filter, residing between the Internet and the victim, takes in a HTTP request and decides whether to accept or reject (drop) it. If a request is accepted, it can pass through the filter and reach the victim. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Examining the consumption of radical content on YouTube
Although it is under-studied relative to other social media platforms, YouTube is arguably the largest and most engaging online media consumption platform in the world. Recently, YouTube’s scale has fueled concerns that YouTube users are being radicalized via a combination of biased recommendations and ostensibly apolitical “anti-woke” channels, both of which have been claimed to direct attention to radical political content. Here we test this hypothesis using a representative panel of more than 300,000 Americans and their individual-level browsing behavior, on and off YouTube, from January 2016 through December 2019. Using a labeled set of political news channels, we find that news consumption on YouTube is dominated by mainstream and largely centrist sources. Consumers of far-right content, while more engaged than average, represent a small and stable percentage of news consumers. However, consumption of “anti-woke” content, defined in terms of its opposition to progressive intellectual and political agendas, grew steadily in popularity and is correlated with consumption of far-right content off-platform. We find no evidence that engagement with far-right content is caused by YouTube recommendations systematically, nor do we find clear evidence that anti-woke channels serve as a gateway to the far right. Rather, consumption of political content on YouTube appears to reflect individual preferences that extend across the web as a whole.
Journal Article
Further thoughts on this month’s theme
News, quotes, and insights from the past related to the theme of the November 2023 issue of Kappan, “Mental Health in Schools.”
Journal Article
Horse sense
The hot weather, combined with a peak in agricultural activity (the main occupation and source of income in the area), was keeping the people away from the doctor, so I spent my working hours browsing through textbooks and journals and reading paperback novels. The horse, standing nearby and acutely feeling...
Journal Article
Opportunities and challenges in long-read sequencing data analysis
Long-read technologies are overcoming early limitations in accuracy and throughput, broadening their application domains in genomics. Dedicated analysis tools that take into account the characteristics of long-read data are thus required, but the fast pace of development of such tools can be overwhelming. To assist in the design and analysis of long-read sequencing projects, we review the current landscape of available tools and present an online interactive database, long-read-tools.org, to facilitate their browsing. We further focus on the principles of error correction, base modification detection, and long-read transcriptomics analysis and highlight the challenges that remain.
Journal Article