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"Brunel"
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I. K. Brunel's Crimean War hospital
\"Those wonderful huts...\" (Florence Nightingale). This is the story of the British Civil Hospital, erected in 1855 at Renkioi on the south Dardanelles coast of Turkey. The spectacular hospital was a portable one designed by British engineer IK Brunel. It was his only health-related project, and it was known as a Civil Hospital because its staff were all civilians, despite its patients being military.
Journal Article
Mood Profiling for Sustainable Mental Health among Athletes
Mood responses are a well-established mental health indicator. Gauging mental health status over time often involves periodic mood assessment using a standardized measure, a process referred to as mood profiling. Comparison of observed mood scores against relevant normative data is central to effective mood profiling. The primary purpose of our study was to improve existing norms for the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) using a large internet sample. The secondary purpose was to discuss how mood profiling can be used to promote sustainable mental health primarily among athletes but also with relevance to non-athletes. The BRUMS was completed via the In The Mood website by 15,692 participants. Significant differences between observed mean scores and existing normative data were evident for all six mood dimensions, prompting norm refinement. Specific group norms were generated to address sex differences in mood responses and differences by athlete/nonathlete status. The revised tables of normative data for the BRUMS should be used by researchers in future investigations of mood responses and by applied practitioners seeking to monitor mood responses as an indicator of mental health status. Applications of mood profiling with elite athletes are exemplified, along with recommendations for using mood profiling in the pursuit of sustainable mental health.
Journal Article
Photocurrent-induced harmonics in nanostructures
Photocurrent-induced harmonics appear in gases and solids due to tunnel ionization of electrons in strong fields and subsequent acceleration. In contrast to three-step harmonic emission, no return to the parent ions is necessary. Here we show that the same mechanism produces harmonics in metallic nanostructures in strong fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate how strong local field gradient, appearing as a consequence of the field enhancement, affects photocurrent-induced harmonics. This influence can shed light at the state of electron as it appears in the continuum, in particular, to its initial velocity.
Journal Article
Strike 3 … Out! Investigating Pre-Game Moods, Performance, and Mental Health of Softball Umpires
Mood research in sports typically focuses on athletes, with sports officials being largely overlooked. In the current study, mood profiling was used to determine if softball umpires reported an identifiable and consistent mood profile and if mood was predictive of umpiring performance and/or reflective of positive mental health. Eleven male and five female participants aged 25–68 years (M = 48.5 ± 15.5 years) each completed the Brunel Mood Scale on multiple occasions prior to officiating games at the 2020 U18 National Softball Championships. A total of 185 mood profiles were analysed. Performance was assessed using Softball Australia’s official umpire assessment tool. Overall, participants reported an iceberg mood profile, which tends to be associated with positive mental health and good performance. Umpiring performances (pass/fail) were correctly classified in 75.0% of cases from tension, depression, and confusion scores (p = 0.003). Participant sex explained 25.7% of the variance in mood scores (p < 0.001); age, 25.8% of the variance (p < 0.001); position on the diamond, 10.5% of the variance (p = 0.003); and accreditation level, 14.3% of the variance (p < 0.001). Australian softball umpires typically reported mood profiles associated with positive mental health, and none reported profiles associated with risk of mental ill-health.
Journal Article
'Reading landscape': interdisciplinary approaches to understanding place
This paper outlines a collaborative project between a group of Fine Art and Geography students who helped develop and contribute to a conversation about recording 'place'. Introducing methodologies from both disciplines, the project started from the premise of all environmental 'recordings' being 'inputs' and so questioned what could be defined as 'data' when encountering a location. Brunel's Grand Entrance to the Thames Tunnel (London) provided the motivation for 10 objective and subjective 'recordings' which were subsequently distilled into a smaller subset and then used to produce a short film that was presented at an international conference. Important to the collaborative nature of the project were ongoing opportunities to share equipment, techniques, material and references across disciplines. It was an experiment to measure the potential for 'mapping' to capture physical and historical information, as well as embodied experience.
Journal Article
Effect of listening to music during a warmup on anaerobic test performance
Purpose
Many studies have investigated the effect of listening to music during exercise on performance, but the influence of music during a warmup on subsequent exercise performance is unknown. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether or not listening to self-selected music before an intense bout of anaerobic exercise would positively affect performance. We also sought to explore the effect of music on psychological variables including rating of perceived exertion (RPE).
Methods
16 participants (8 males, 8 females; age 23.6 ± 4.8 years, BMI 18.9 ± 3.2 kg/m
2
) listened to pre-selected music, self-selected music or white noise during a warmup, which consisted of cycling at 50 rpm for 10 min with a resistance of 1 kg. Once the warmup was completed, they performed a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) against a flywheel resistance of 7.5% body mass. Immediately after the WAnT, they were asked to complete the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES) and RPE was assessed. One-way repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to determine the effect of music condition on both physiological and psychological variables.
Results
There were no significant differences in mean or peak power, relative power, fatigue index, or RPE (all
p
> 0.05). There were also no differences in any SEES variables (positive well-being, psychological distress, or fatigue) or in RPE (all
p
> 0.05).
Conclusion
This study suggests that listening to music during a warmup has no positive effect on performance during the actual event, even when the music is self-selected.
Journal Article
Effects of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on salivary lysozyme, mood states and running performance among the recreational runners
Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing can enhance sports performance through a central action mediated by receptors in the mouth. This study examined the effect of a CHO mouth rinse on salivary lysozyme concentrations, mood states and running performances.
Ten males recreational runners were randomised to three running trials with a 1 week recovery period between the trials. Each trial involved running at 75% maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 1 h, followed by a 15 min time trial. The participants used a CHO mouth rinse, placebo (PLA) solution or control (CON, no solution) every 15 min during the exercise. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and mood states were recorded pre-, during and post-exercise. Saliva samples were collected pre-, post- and 1 h post-exercise.
There was no significant interaction and time effect (
> 0.05) on the salivary lysozyme concentration and running performance, but it was significant (
< 0.05) for HR and RPE (increase in all trials). However, there was no significant difference (
> 0.05) in salivary lysozyme concentrations, running performances, HR values or RPE between the trials. Mood states were not significantly different (
> 0.05) between the trials, but one of the mood sub-scales showed a significant (
< 0.001) time effect (increase fatigue in all trials).
CHO mouth rinsing did not affect physiological parameters, salivary lysozyme concentrations, mood states or running performance among recreational runners.
Journal Article
Building Services Design for Energy Efficient Buildings
The role and influence of building services engineers are undergoing rapid change and are pivotal to achieving low-carbon buildings. However, textbooks in the field have tended to remain fairly traditional with a detailed focus on the technicalities of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, often with little wider context. This book addresses that need by embracing a contemporary understanding of the urgent challenge to address climate change, together with practical approaches to energy efficiency and carbon mitigation for mechanical and electrical systems, in a concise manner.
The essential conceptual design issues for planning the principal building services systems that influence energy efficiency are examined in detail. These are HVAC and electrical systems. In addition, the following issues are addressed:
background issues on climate change, whole-life performance and design collaboration
generic strategies for energy-efficient, low-carbon design
health and wellbeing and post occupancy evaluation
building ventilation
air conditioning and HVAC system selection
thermal energy generation and distribution systems
low-energy approaches for thermal control
electrical systems, data collection, controls and monitoring
building thermal load assessment
building electric power load assessment
space planning and design integration with other disciplines.
In order to deliver buildings that help mitigate climate change impacts, a new perspective is required for building services engineers, from the initial conceptual design and throughout the design collaboration with other disciplines. This book provides a contemporary introduction and guide to this new approach, for students and practitioners alike.
eBook
I. K. Brunel's Crimean War Hospital
“Those wonderful huts…” (Florence Nightingale). This is the story of the British Civil Hospital, erected in 1855 at Renkioi on the south Dardanelles coast of Turkey. The spectacular hospital was a portable one designed by British engineer I. K. Brunel. It was his only health-related project, and it was known as a Civil Hospital because its staff were all civilians, despite its patients being military.
Journal Article