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"Building, Fireproof."
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Fire Performance Analysis for Buildings (2nd Edition)
A building fire is dynamic. A continually changing hostile fire environment influences time relationships that affect fire defenses and risks to people and building functions. The fire and fire defenses in each building interact with different sequences and distinct ways. Risks are characterized by the building's performance. This book organizes the complex interactions into an analytical framework to evaluate any building - at any location - built under any regulatory jurisdiction or era. Systematic, logical procedures evaluate individual component behavior and integrate results to understand holistic performance. The Interactive Performance Information (IPI) chart structures complex time-related interactions among the fire, fire defenses, and associated risks. Quantification uses state-of-the-art deterministic methods of fire safety engineering and fire science. Managing uncertainty is specifically addressed.
eBook
Ignition Locations and Simplified Design Guidelines for Enhancing the Resilience of Dwellings against Wildland Fires
This paper presents a study based on new fireproof design guidelines for dwellings against the impact of wildfires. The main objective is to present the results from the surveys of the large wildfires of 2017 in Portugal, identifying vulnerabilities in dwellings that may result in spot ignitions when exposed to wildfires. Utilizing the information gathered from these surveys, it is possible to recommend fire resistance and reaction class requirements using European indoor fire standards and adapting them to suit wildfire conditions. The study focuses on classical dwellings predominantly located in high-risk fire zones within the wildland–urban interface. These assessments have the potential to generate new fireproof construction recommendations employing traditional materials commonly found in the European construction industry.
Journal Article
Fire Resistance Investigation of Simple Supported RC Beams with Varying Reinforcement Configurations
To investigate fire-resistance behaviors of simple supported reinforced concrete (RC) beams with three faces exposed to fire, six full-scale specimens were designed in accordance with the principle of “strong bending and weak shearing.” One beam was treated as the control case of room temperature while the other five beams were exposed to high temperature. Parameters related to shear capacity were discussed, such as longitudinal reinforcement ratio and stirrup ratio. The experimental results show that brittle shear failure under room temperature may transfer to shear-bend failure at high temperature due to thermal expansion and strength degradation of concrete and steel. The greater the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the longer the failure time of specimens. It indicates that the pinning action of longitudinal reinforcement can significantly improve the shear capacity of beams under high temperature. In addition, the configuration of stirrup reinforcement can effectively reduce the brittle change of vertical deflection when the beam enters the failure stage.
Journal Article
Effect of Scoria on Various Specific Aspects of Lightweight Concrete
Experimental research on the technical characteristics of lightweight concretes incorporating scoria was conducted. The objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of scoria, in lightweight concretes. Coarse scoria of 5/10 and 10/20 mm were used. A portion of the aggregate mixtures had an average particle size ≤100 μm. Scorias are often used as the constituents of structural concrete and insulating materials. The usability of the concretes tested in this study broadens as the porosity of the mixtures decreased and the cement dosage increased. According to the cement dosage and frequency types, the absorption coefficients of concretes ranged from 0.14 to 0.47. A compressive strength of 19 MPa corresponded to a density of 1800 kg/m
3
; compressive strengths from 10 to 18 MPa mapped to densities ranging from 1300 to 1700 kg/m
3
. The thermal conductivity of mixed concretes without scoria reached a maximum value of 0.268 W/m K. The thermal conductivity values of the concretes mixed without sand were below 0.403 W/m K. As sand content increased, the conductivity evolved from 0.565 to 0.657 W/m K. Freeze–thaw stability tests were conducted for 400 cycles or until specimens deteriorated. The experimental results helped in determining the optimum mixing conditions for the inclusion of scoria in cement to produce lightweight concretes.
Journal Article
Post-fire assessments, methodology, and equations for directly determining wood's residual flexural properties
Currently, because field-ready approaches are not available, individual wood members used in light-frame construction are typically replaced when fire reduces the total dimension of a member by approximately 1/4 inch or more in depth. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to provide a more quantitative approach for assessing serviceability of such members charred near this threshold but otherwise expected to remain in service. After quantifying the results, equations were developed using a statistically based analysis. These equations are believed to adequately represent the mean residual flexural properties for the materials and grades listed above when exposed to similar field conditions and fire scenarios. It was found that subjecting the wood specimens to charring near the above-mentioned threshold resulted in a decrease in the moment of inertia of 30%-40% and a reduction of specific gravity of the residual sample on the order of 5%-10%. Depending on the material, reductions in the apparent modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture ranged from 13%-25% and 32%-37%, respectively.
Journal Article
