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Professionalism for the built environment
In the aftermath of the Grenfell Tower tragedy, this new book provides thought provoking commentary on the nature of the relationship between society, the prevailing economic system and professionalism in the built environment. It is both an introduction to and an examination of professionalism and professional bodies in the sector, including a view of the future of professionalism and the organisations serving it. Simon Foxell outlines the history of professionalism in the sector, comparing and contrasting the development of the three major historic professions working in the construction industry: civil engineering, architecture and surveying. He examines how their systems have developed over time, where they are currently and some options for the future, whilst asking difficult questions about ethics, training, education, public trust and expectation from within and outside the industry. The book concludes with a six-point plan to help, if not ensure, that the professions remain an effective and essential part of both society and the economy; a part that allows the system to operate smoothly and easily, but also fairly and to the benefit of all. Essential reading for built environment professionals and students doing the professional studies elements of their training or in the process of applying for chartership or registration. The issues and lessons are applicable across all building professions-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Intelligent deep learning techniques for energy consumption forecasting in smart buildings: a review
Urbanization increases electricity demand due to population growth and economic activity. To meet consumer’s demands at all times, it is necessary to predict the future building energy consumption. Power Engineers could exploit the enormous amount of energy-related data from smart meters to plan power sector expansion. Researchers have made many experiments to address the supply and demand imbalance by accurately predicting the energy consumption. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of forecasting methodologies used by researchers for energy consumption in smart buildings to meet future energy requirements. Different forecasting methods are being explored in both residential and non-residential buildings. The literature is further analyzed based on the dataset, types of load, prediction accuracy, and the evaluation metrics used. This work also focuses on the main challenges in energy forecasting due to load fluctuation, variability in weather, occupant behavior, and grid planning. The identified research gaps and the suitable methodology for prediction addressing the current issues are presented with reference to the available literature. The multivariate analysis in the suggested hybrid model ensures the learning of repeating patterns and features in the data to enhance the prediction accuracy.
Journal Article
A career as an operating and stationary engineer
\"We may not always notice them, but operating and stationary engineers help keep the world running smoothly. This practical resource explains the importance of operating and stationary engineers and provides descriptions for several jobs within each field, including surveyor, heavy equipment operator, boiler operator, HVACR engineer, and building manager. Readers will learn the educational requirements and job training that are necessary to obtain these jobs, as well as steps they can take right now to get them on the right path. Job outlook and information about trade unions and other resources are also provided.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
A review on machine learning in 3D printing: applications, potential, and challenges
Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is growing rapidly in the manufacturing industry and has gained a lot of attention from various fields owing to its ability to fabricate parts with complex features. The reliability of the 3D printed parts has been the focus of the researchers to realize AM as an end-part production tool. Machine learning (ML) has been applied in various aspects of AM to improve the whole design and manufacturing workflow especially in the era of industry 4.0. In this review article, various types of ML techniques are first introduced. It is then followed by the discussion on their use in various aspects of AM such as design for 3D printing, material tuning, process optimization, in situ monitoring, cloud service, and cybersecurity. Potential applications in the biomedical, tissue engineering and building and construction will be highlighted. The challenges faced by ML in AM such as computational cost, standards for qualification and data acquisition techniques will also be discussed. In the authors’ perspective, in situ monitoring of AM processes will significantly benefit from the object detection ability of ML. As a large data set is crucial for ML, data sharing of AM would enable faster adoption of ML in AM. Standards for the shared data are needed to facilitate easy sharing of data. The use of ML in AM will become more mature and widely adopted as better data acquisition techniques and more powerful computer chips for ML are developed.
Journal Article
Effects of the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake on structures in Kahramanmaraş city
Large-scale loss of life and property occurred in Kahramanmaraş and its districts, which are the city center where the epicenters of the earthquake couples that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Türkiye. Major damage has occurred in different structural systems due to the earthquake. In addition, fault traces that are the source of the earthquake were clearly observed on the ground surface. In this study, the effects of both earthquakes on soil, reinforced concrete, masonry, prefabricated, and other structural systems were evaluated observationally in Kahramanmaraş and its districts. Comparisons were made on the last two earthquake maps used in Türkiye for the locations of strong ground motion measuring devices in Kahramanmaraş. The masonry structures, which are common in rural areas in the epicenter, have been heavily damaged because they have not received engineering service. However, it is seen that the concrete buildings have insufficient strength and ductility. A similar situation is also present in industrial precast structures, and it has been observed that the damaged and collapsed in these structures are manufactured without complying with the type connection details given for prefabricated reinforced concrete structures in the codes. It has also been observed that the soil-structure interaction is the most determining parameter in the structure’s performance in these earthquake couples. Especially in weak soils, the damage to the structures has been quite heavy. The field data obtained from the earthquakes showed that some of the conditions of the current earthquake code should be discussed again.
Journal Article
Doing Well by Doing Good? Green Office Buildings
This paper provides the first credible evidence on the economic value of “green buildings” derived from impersonal market transactions rather than engineering estimates. We analyze clusters of certified green and nearby buildings, establishing that “rated” buildings command substantially higher rents and selling prices than otherwise identical buildings. Variations in premiums are systematically related to energy-saving characteristics. Increased energy efficiency is associated with increased selling prices -- beyond the premiums paid for a labeled building. Evidence suggests that the intangible effects of the label itself may also play a role in determining the values of green buildings in the marketplace. (JEL G31,M14,Q52,R33)
Journal Article
Research on the path to improve the quality of graduation projects of construction engineering majors based on digital background
In the digital age, the enhancement of graduation project quality within the field of architectural engineering is of paramount importance. This paper presents well-structured solutions to tackle the prevalent management challenges encountered in the digital execution of these projects. The goal is to notably improve the effectiveness of teaching methodologies. Employing a scientific approach to managing graduation projects enables students to not only comprehend and apply their theoretical knowledge more effectively but also to cultivate an in-depth understanding and proficient practical skills in digital technology.
Journal Article
Knowledge Recombination Across Technological Boundaries: Scientists vs. Engineers
Building on the seminal work of Thomas J. Allen, we contribute to the emerging microlevel theory of knowledge recombination by examining how individual-level characteristics of inventors affect the breadth of their technological recombinations. Our data set combines information from 30,550 European patents with matched survey data obtained from 1,880 inventors. The analysis supports the view that inventors with a scientific education are more likely to generate patents that span technological boundaries (in our case, 30 broad, top-level technological domains) than inventors with an engineering degree. A doctoral degree is associated with increased recombination breadth for all groups of inventors. The breadth of an inventor's technological recombinations diminishes with increasing temporal distance to his education, but the differences between scientists and engineers persist over time. Our findings provide several new insights for research on inventors, the literature on organizational learning and innovation, and strategy research.
This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Journal Article
Fire resistance characteristics of geopolymer concrete for environmental sustainability: a review of thermal, mechanical and microstructure properties
Cement production produces more CO2 released into the environment, worsening global warming. Certainly, a more sustainable approach and a thorough investigation of the conventional concrete alternatives have thus become necessary. Geopolymer materials possess comparable or higher durability and strength than concrete-based ordinary materials and have become preferred testing materials for designers of various projects, such as buildings, bridges, and tunnels. The geopolymer materials used in the civil engineering structures should also be fire resistant up to the required duration of time, considering the sustainability issues. Therefore, the present study reviews and discusses the characteristics of geopolymer materials after exposure to high temperatures, such as thermal conductivity, weight loss, thermal expansion, thermodynamics, mechanical strength, and microstructural properties. Features and properties of application-based geopolymer materials after exposure to fire are also discussed. The literature review shows that the thermal characteristics of geopolymer materials (GPM) are superior to conventional materials, i.e., OPC concrete. At elevated temperatures, the previous studies found that the geopolymer mortars demonstrate degradation in tensile and bending strengths yet lower bond and compressive strength degradation than OPC mortar. For temperatures ranging from 30 to 700 °C, the bond strength of GPM on concrete is comparable to, if not superior to, that of commonly used mortar for repair work. The microstructural damage at high temperatures occurred due to dehydration and dehydroxylation, as well as thermal incompatibility between geopolymer paste and aggregates; those were the major causes of strength loss in geopolymer mortar. This article also provides the scope for future research on the fire-resistant properties of geopolymer materials required in civil engineering structures for sustainable development.
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