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"Buses (vehicles)"
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The bus for us
Eagerly awaiting the bus on her first day of school, Tess learns the names of different vehicles from her older friend, Gus.
Book
Efficient Large-Scale Multi-Drone Delivery using Transit Networks
We consider the problem of routing a large fleet of drones to deliver packages simultaneously across broad urban areas. Besides flying directly, drones can use public transit vehicles such as buses and trams as temporary modes of transportation to conserve energy. Adding this capability to our formulation augments effective drone travel range and the space of possible deliveries but also increases problem input size due to the large transit networks. We present a comprehensive algorithmic framework that strives to minimize the maximum time to complete any delivery and addresses the multifaceted computational challenges of our problem through a two-layer approach. First, the upper layer assigns drones to package delivery sequences with an approximately optimal polynomial time allocation algorithm. Then, the lower layer executes the allocation by periodically routing the fleet over the transit network, using efficient, bounded suboptimal multi-agent pathfinding techniques tailored to our setting. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach on simulations with up to 200 drones, 5000 packages, and transit networks with up to 8000 stops in San Francisco and the Washington DC Metropolitan Area. Our framework computes solutions for most settings within a few seconds on commodity hardware and enables drones to extend their effective range by a factor of nearly four using transit.
Journal Article
Richard Scarry's cars and trucks
\"Tweet! goes the policeman's whistle. All the trucks stop. The beloved Richard Scarry gives readers an exciting array of vehicles in this classic Little Golden Book from 1959. From police cars and school buses to fire engines and motorcycles, Richard Scarry's Cars and Trucks is the perfect first book about vehicles\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Commuters' Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution Is Affected by Mode of Transport, Fuel Type, and Route
Background: Commuters are exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants, but little quantitative information is currently available on differences in exposure between different modes of transport, routes, and fuel types. Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess differences in commuters' exposure to traffic-related air pollution related to transport mode, route, and fuel type. Methods: We measured particle number counts (PNCs) and concentrations of PM₂.₅ (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 um in aerodynamic diameter), PM₁₀, and soot between June 2007 and June 2008 on 47 weekdays, from 0800 to 1000 hours, in diesel and electric buses, gasoline-and diesel-fueled cars, and along two bicycle routes with different traffic intensities in Arnhem, the Netherlands. In addition, each-day measurements were taken at an urban background location. Results: We found that median PNC exposures were highest in diesel buses (38,500 particles/cm³) and for cyclists along the high-traffic intensity route (46,600 particles/cm 3 ) and lowest in electric buses (29,200 particles/cm³). Median PM₁₀ exposure was highest from diesel buses (47 μg/m³) and lowest along the high-and low-traffic bicycle routes (39 and 37 μg/m³). The median soot exposure was highest in gasoline-fueled cars (9.0 х 10⁻⁵/m), diesel cars (7.9 х 10⁻⁵/m), and diesel buses (7.4 х 10⁻⁵/m) and lowest along the low-traffic bicycle route (4.9 х 10⁻⁵/m). Because the minute ventilation (volume of air per minute) of cyclists, which we estimated from measured heart rates, was twice the minute ventilation of car and bus passengers, we calculated that the inhaled air pollution doses were highest for cyclists. With the exception of PM₁₀, we found that inhaled air pollution doses were lowest for electric bus passengers. Conclusions: Commuters' rush hour exposures were significantly influenced by mode of transport, route, and fuel type.
Journal Article
Bus! Stop!
A boy who has just missed his bus waits for the next one, but the vehicles that arrive at his stop do not look at all like the one he missed, and the riders who get on them are not quite what he expects either.
Book
Single-stage LED driver with low bus voltage
A single-stage driver is proposed. The LED driver is obtained by integrating an interleaved boost circuit and an LLC resonant converter. Since the interleaved circuit is adopted here, the input voltage is divided into two parts, each part sharing with one switch of the LLC resonant converter forms a boost circuit in discontinuous mode, and the power factor correction function and low bus voltage are realised. Since the LLC resonant converter is adopted, the converter works in softswitching state, which increases the efficiency of the system. A 100 W prototype is achieved to prove the analysis of the LED driver, and the efficiency of the LED driver is as high as 91% in full load. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Sustainable transport solutions : low carbon buses in the People's Republic of China
\"This publication discusses the real-world performance data of low-carbon buses in the People's Republic of China. It also reviews the environmental and financial impacts, as well as the policies used to promote them. The People's Republic of China has taken the lead in the deployment of low-carbon buses and is moving toward full electrification to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Data and information in this publication can benefit countries interested in promoting low-carbon buses to design appropriate climate change policies\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Examining the relationship of environmental and community well-being towards sustainability of electric vehicles (EV) bus program
The primary objective of this research paper is to examine the environmental impact, community well-being, and sustainability of the Electric Vehicle (EV) Bus Program. The study evaluates three critical factors - sustainability, environmental impact, and community well- being. 117 questionnaires were collected and were useful for analysis. The study discovered a positive and robust correlation between sustainability considerations and environmental impact. Additionally, the research revealed that there is a strong link between community well-being and sustainability. These results offer valuable insights into the essential variables and emphasize the significance of ensuring the sustainability of the Electric Vehicles (EV) Bus Program.
Journal Article
Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements
The electrification of public transport bus networks can be carried out utilizing different technological solutions, like trolley, battery or fuel cell buses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how and to what extent existing bus networks can be electrified with fast charging battery buses. The so called opportunity chargers use mainly the regular dwell time at the stops to charge their batteries. This results in a strong linkage between the vehicle scheduling and the infrastructure planning. The analysis is based on real-world data of the bus network in Muenster, a mid-sized city in Germany. The outcomes underline the necessity to focus on entire vehicle schedules instead on individual trips. The tradeoff between required battery capacity and charging power is explained in detail. Furthermore, the impact on the electricity grid is discussed based on the load profiles of a selected charging station and a combined load profile of the entire network.
Journal Article
Development of a central fleet monitoring system
Electric buses represent an evolution in the public transportation sector because they provide an innovative and sustainable solution to the pollution and congestion problems that major cities face. However, the bus fleet management system is a complex process that requires monitoring and planning to provide an efficient and reliable public transportation service. In this work, we designed an application that allows us to monitor and evaluate fleet performance data to make informed decisions. Therefore, we have linked the application to a Simulink modelwith the same drive cycle specified for the ring road in Cairo, Egypt and tested it. Early results show a significant potential of the developed system to give useful insights into the influence of monitoring on the electric bus fleet and help to improve decisions-making and the efficiency of the fleet, and extending battery life.
Journal Article