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"Business incubators Developing countries."
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The media and development : what's the story?
The media's contribution to development occurs simultaneously along five closely intermingled influences: plurality and transparency, behavioral, infrastructure and platform, economic, and trade. The media are at the cutting edge of technological change, where the digitalization of content, Next Generation Networks, falling device and distribution costs, ever-increasing abundance and new business models are overturning the pre-existing order of markets and the media, though broadcasting, particularly radio, remain crucial in developing countries. This offers new development opportunities requiring new policy initiatives, and the realization of this by the development community. In many instances the media has yet to attain its appropriate status on the list of development priorities.
eBook
Business incubators and accelerators: a co-citation analysis-based, systematic literature review
A long and rich research tradition exists on the phenomenon of business incubators since this kind of venture support institution first emerged. One can observe an increasing heterogeneity of incubation beyond the traditional mainstream focus on regional development and university-based incubators. In the last decade, in particular the phenomenon of accelerators as a particular form of incubators received increasing research interest. A few literature reviews started summarizing the field, but left some important issues unanswered. This systematic review study contributes to this effort deriving current themes and a research agenda. We find that open innovation and social capital theory increasingly complement the resource-based view as frameworks to understand business incubation. Moreover, the phenomenon of private corporate incubators and accelerators gains traction, both in entrepreneurship theory and practice.
Journal Article
The influence of ecosystems on the entrepreneurship process
Over the past 30 years, the academic literature has legitimised the significant impact of environmental conditions on entrepreneurial activity. In the past 5 years, in particular, the academic debate has focused on the elements that configure entrepreneurship ecosystems and their influence on the creation of high-growth ventures. Previous studies have also recognised the heterogeneity of environmental conditions (including policies, support programs, funding, culture, professional infrastructure, university support, labour market, R&D, and market dynamics) across regions/countries. Yet, an in-depth discussion is required to address how environmental conditions vary per entrepreneurial stage of enterprises within certain regions/countries, as well as how these conditions determine the technological factor of the entrepreneurial process. By reviewing the literature from 2000 to 2017, this paper analyses the environmental conditions that have influenced the transitions towards becoming potential entrepreneurs, nascent/new entrepreneurs, and established/consolidated entrepreneurs in both developed and developing economies. Our findings show why diversity in entrepreneurship and context is significant. Favourable conditions include professional support, incubators/accelerators, networking with multiple agents, and R&D investments. Less favourable conditions include a lack of funding sources, labour market conditions, and social norms. Our paper contributes by proposing a research agenda and implications for stakeholders.
Journal Article
Understanding refugee entrepreneurship incubation – an embeddedness perspective
Purpose
Recent years have seen a wave of immigration in western countries. Entrepreneurship can foster refugees’ integration in the labour market. Hence, the authors observe an emergence of incubators with social purpose, addressing the key challenges of refugee entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to look at the particularities and the impact of business incubation on entrepreneurial development and embeddedness of refugee entrepreneurs in the host country by applying the theoretical lens of mixed embeddedness theory.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a qualitative case study approach exploring one business incubation model for refugee entrepreneurs in Germany. For a multi-stakeholder perspective, the data were collected through a participatory focus group workshop and semi-structured interviews of refugee entrepreneurs and incubator stakeholders (e.g. incubator management, mentors and partners) contributing to the incubation. The data collection extends over the duration of five months of the incubation programme.
Findings
The empirical results emphasise the impact of the business incubator on refugee entrepreneur’s development and embeddedness. In this analysis, the authors identify key themes of a particular incubation process addressing the lack of embeddedness and barriers to refugee entrepreneurs in the host country. From the results, the authors elaborate a particular business incubation process framework of refugee entrepreneurs.
Originality/value
The findings enhance the understanding how business incubation contributes to the embeddedness of refugee entrepreneurs in their new hosting environment. Thus, this research contributes to the existing literature by extending incubation model frameworks towards refugee entrepreneurship and embeddedness perspectives. Furthermore, the study emphasises the role of the incubator in the context of the dimensions of the mixed embeddedness of the refugee entrepreneurs.
Journal Article
Green entrepreneurship in challenging times: a quantitative approach for European countries
The aim of the study is to deep dive into the potential of green entrepreneurship and its drivers in a time of multiple challenges when green growth seeks to reconcile economic and sustainable development goals. The need for responsible business models has become evident in recent years, and companies that offer green products or services are creative, eco-friendly growth incubators and important economic actors that can change the future of society. We used a logistic regression model for 7326 companies from 36 European countries to identify what influences the decision to go green, including supply and demand factors, measures for resource efficiency and targeted policies. We found that the company's age, its financial performance, the country's level of development, as well as the incentive measures have a significant potential of stimulating green entrepreneurship. Our results highlight the overwhelming importance of financing. Firms in less developed countries face difficulties in developing green products and services, so support programs are needed to build green entrepreneurship in some regions. Many entrepreneurs in less developed countries are highly educated, creative, and innovative, so they can successfully run sustainable business models if the transfer of good practices is accompanied by an infusion of capital.
Journal Article
Developing an intellectual capital benchmarking approach of business incubators
PurposeThis study aims to propose an improved benchmarking approach for developing novel intellectual capital (IC) performance indicators (PIs) for business incubators (BIs), a crucial underexplored actor within entrepreneurial ecosystems. The developed PIs are used to benchmark the performance of the selected BIs, identify best-in-class performers and extract their practices into explicit knowledge to provide practical guidelines.Design/methodology/approachTo create a more effective and practical benchmarking approach, this study integrates several validated methods, including the Delphi technique, business incubation maturity model, analytic hierarchy process knowledge mapping and ontology. These methods address the fundamental limitations of traditional benchmarking approaches and improve the overall process.FindingsThrough the implementation of the improved benchmarking approach, new IC indicators of BIs and their corresponding assessment rubrics, based on the maturity levels of business incubation, have been developed. Furthermore, the best performers for all IC indicators were identified, and their selected practices were extracted and presented as explicit knowledge.Originality/valueThis study addresses several major gaps in the literature, including (1) resolving fundamental limitations of traditional benchmarking approaches, (2) developing a new standard set of IC indicators and corresponding assessment rubrics for BIs, (3) conducting the first benchmarking of IC performance among BIs and (4) executing the IC benchmarking process through to the analysis phase.
Journal Article
Paradoxes of accelerator programs and new venture performance: Do varieties of experiences make a difference?
Incubators and accelerators have proliferated, but their impact on new ventures’ performance remains unclear. This article explores whether all ventures benefit equally from participating in accelerator programs. We propose that the entrepreneurs’ human capital resources influence the benefits extracted from accelerator program participation. Using application data from the accelerator programs across developed and developing countries, we find participation in accelerator programs positively impacts the ventures’ innovation performance but has a mixed impact on social performance. Founders with high education benefit from participating in accelerator programs for innovation and social performance. However, entrepreneurial experience and vast industry experience do not significantly influence ventures’ social and innovation-related performance from accelerator participation. The result is consistent for both solo and team founders.Plain English SummaryEntrepreneurs with high education and experience get more value-added benefits from accelerators. The accelerator programs can help create a 'community of organizations, institutions, and individuals that impact the enterprise and the enterprise's customers and suppliers; entrepreneurs’ resources help create an environment that increases the potential of the new ventures. Additionally, a team of entrepreneurs with education, industry, and entrepreneurial experience can help with the venture's performance. Therefore, accelerator programs should focus on firms with highly educated entrepreneurs since entrepreneurs with high education and experience get more value-added benefits from accelerators. For the corporate managers engaged in corporate/intrapreneurship, employees with industry and entrepreneurial experience can be a great resource, and human resource managers can help with recruiting these individuals. Policymakers should pay close attention to younger firms since they are vulnerable. Further, policymakers should pay close attention to ventures with entrepreneurs with educational experience since entrepreneurs’ industry and entrepreneurial experience can complement their lacking.
Journal Article
Comparative Analysis of the Level of Satisfaction with the Services Received at the Business Incubators (Hazleton, PA, USA and Gliwice, Poland)
This paper consists of a detailed comprehensive analysis of the client company satisfaction of services received at business incubator centers in the United States (USA) and Poland. This paper also includes how clients rated the importance of different services, which were provided to them at two business incubator centers; clients were generally satisfied with the services they received from the business incubators. Some services were not offered at both incubators to the same extent, which created discrepancy in the assessment results. The clients at the CAN-BE business incubator center already received extensive help from volunteers as well as Penn State faculty and students. However, the highest priority is still assigned to further increase those services. The client companies at the TECHNOPARK business incubator center received very limited help from volunteers, faculty, and students, as they assigned a low priority to those resources. The reason for that may be a lack of exposure and lack of understanding of the extremely valuable services provided by an incubation center. The aim of this article is to compare, analyze, and evaluate the operation of the GLIWICE TECHNOPARK and Hazleton, PA, USA incubation centers from a client satisfaction point of view.
Journal Article
Performance indicators for technology business incubators in Indian higher educational institutes
Purpose
The paper aims to review existing performance indicators in technology business incubators (TBIs) and propose some new indicators with a focus on incubation activities in higher educational institutes (HEIs) of India.
Design/methodology/approach
Performance indicators of various types of incubators were identified from research papers followed by interview, consultation and suggestion from experts of the subject. Nature of interrelationship between the identified indicators has been established with the help of Interpretive Structural Modelling methodology and Matrice d’impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment analysis.
Findings
Number of ideas came for screening and number of ideas converted to start-ups, survival rate of incubatees is the indicators which have the highest driving power followed by time taken in screening an idea and number of failed or rejected ideas returned back into incubation. Few indicators (driving indicators) are affecting performance of other indicators as well.
Research limitations/implications
Some performance indicators are proposed which can be used for measuring performance of technology incubators in India. The actual implications will be known when these findings are used to assess performance of some technology incubator. This also is the limitation of the study that some cases can be included to validate the findings of this research.
Practical implications
A total of 15 performance indicators for measuring performance of TBIs in Indian HEIs have been proposed. The proposed indicators will help incubator management to prioritize the efforts and resource allocation.
Social implications
TBIs are looked upon as mechanism for promoting entrepreneurial culture in Indian HEIs. Their success is well linked to growth of society. This research will help technology incubators to identify the most important factors in incubation process. Performance improvement will directly affect society in whole. Culture of IEE (Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Employment ) can be achieved through technology incubators
Originality/value
Identification of new indicators for performance measurement of incubators in Indian HEIs is the novelty of this research. This has a lot of value due to multilevel hierarchy model.
Journal Article