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Historically, the caste segregated society in India prohibits Dalit men from owning or riding horses. As a result, recent times have seen an increase in attacks and violence against Dalit men or grooms, riding a horse on their wedding day. This article shows how the violence on Dalit men is a manifestation of such myths and legends of masculinity in modern India. Although such incidents are motivated by caste, symbols like horses revolve around themes like masculinity. This paper explores the intersection of caste and masculinity through a historical examination of the process of decline of the Rajput dynasty and production of hegemonic masculine idols such as Maharana Pratap. Such forms of masculinities became hegemonised through reproduction and popularisation of certain symbols and ideals constructed through production and reproduction of literary traditions and bardic tales. A careful observation and review of the literature of the construction of hegemonic masculinity in India reveals a strategic sequence of its reproduction during times of political crisis.

A key controversy in conservation is the framing of the relationship between people and nature. The extent to which the realms of nature and human culture are viewed as separate (dualistic view) or integrated is often discussed in the social sciences. To explore how this relationship is represented in the practice of conservation in Europe, we considered examples of cultural landscapes, wildlife (red deer, reindeer, horses), and protected area management. We found little support, for a dualistic worldview, where people and nature are regarded as separate in the traditional practice of conservation in Europe. The borders between nature and culture, wild and domestic, public land and private land, and between protected areas and the wider landscape were blurred and dynamic. The institutionalized (in practice and legislation) view is of an interactive mutualistic system in which humans and nature share the whole landscape. However, more dualistic ideals, such as wilderness and rewilding that are challenging established practices are expanding. In the context of modern day Europe, wilderness conservation and rewilding are not valid for the whole landscape, although it is possible to integrate some areas of low‐intervention management into a wider matrix. A precondition for success is to recognize and plan for a plurality of values concerning the most valid approaches to conservation and to plan for this plurality at the landscape scale.

Written and edited by leading experts on equine digestive diseases, The Equine Acute Abdomen, Third Edition is the preeminent text on diagnosing and treating acute abdominal diseases in horses, donkeys, and mules. * The definitive guide to acute abdominal disorders in equine patients, fully updated and revised to reflect the latest developments in the field * Lavishly illustrated with more than 450 color illustrations, photographs, line drawings, and figures * A companion website features video clips and images from the book available for download * Provides an invaluable resource to equine surgery and internal medicine specialists, researchers, practitioners, and students who deal with colic

Background: Despite the fact that Helicobacter spp. has been detected in equine gastric mucosa, no evidence exists about this infection in Colombian horses affected by equine ulcerative gastric syndrome (EGUS), nor in dental tartar. Objective: To detect Helicobacter spp. DNA in equine gastric mucosa and dental tartar and determine the relationship between the presence of Helicobacter spp. and gastric lesions. Methods: Samples of glandular gastric mucosa and dental tartar were collected from 30 equine slaughterhouses. Macroscopic lesions of the stomachs were classified and the total DNA in all samples was extracted using a commercial extraction kit. A final-point PCR was performed using primers for amplification of a segment of 251 bp of the gene encoding the 16s rRNA region; the amplified fragments were subjected to a second PCR to determine the presence of H. pylori, the VacA gene was typified. The resulting amplicons were sequenced. Results: It was possible to amplify 16s rRNA in several samples but there was no amplification of VacA. Fragments of the sequences were compatible with H. heilmannii. The 23.3 and 10% of gastric and tartar samples were positive for 16s rRNA of Helicobacter spp., respectively. Conclusion: Although genetic material of Helicobacter spp. was found in some animals, there was no relationship with gastric lesions. It is possible that helicobacteriosis has no bearing in EGUS etiology.

In this article I suggest that fantasies of apocalypse are both a product and a producer of the Anthropocene. Although images and narratives of contemporary environmental apocalypse have usually been understood as politically regressive and postpolitical distractions, I demonstrate that a more hopeful reading is possible. Apocalypse tells us that the human as currently configured in the Anthropocene-an ideal universal subject who is energized through fossil fuels and who has been elevated to a position of ecological mastery-cannot continue indefinitely. This article therefore considers what apocalyptic imaginaries reveal about the limits to being human and the future of human life after the Anthropocene. It does so by analyzing a critically acclaimed film, The Turin Horse (2011). In this film an old farm horse refuses to eat, drink, or leave its stall, while a daughter and her father struggle on through an unspecified disaster, gnawing on raw potatoes as their world slowly unravels. The Turin Horse discloses the earth forces that have made Anthropocene humans along three lines: the geological, the biological, and the temporal. The film also hints at three challenges to be overcome to make humans differently: the need to surpass carbon humanity, the need for nonhuman allies, and the need to affirm agency against the inevitability of deep time. I suggest that contemporary apocalyptic visions are a core aspect of how geographers should understand socioecological transformation, as they challenge those who view them to feel the condition of the Anthropocene, and pose the question of how to respond well to unruly earth forces.

Anamnesis: An Argentine saddle horse with poor body condition, general weakness, and recurrent pathological decubitus without response to treatment was euthanized and subjected to diagnosis. Clinical and laboratory findings: At necropsy, hirsutism, and poor body condition were observed. The pituitary gland protruded from the sella turcica and measured 2.3 cm thick and 2.8 cm high. A nodule measuring 1.3 cm in diameter was observed in the middle part of the pituitary gland. Histological findings revealed an adenoma in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for ACTH, and the markers for PRL, NSE, and GFAP were negative. The ultrastructure of the neoplastic cells showed intracytoplasmic granules of variable electron density and diameters between 160 and 250 nm. Conclusion: This is the first report of a pars intermedia adenoma in an Argentine saddle horse and the first comprehensive diagnosis of this neoplasia in Colombia and South America.

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic flavivirus first identified in and endemic to Africa. The virus is transmitted between birds by biting mosquitoes, with equids and humans being incidental hosts. The majority of infected incidental hosts display no or only mild clinical signs, but a fraction develop encephalitis. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and evaluate primary research on the presence of antibodies to WNV among African equids. Three bibliographic databases and the grey literature were searched. Of 283 articles identified, only 16 satisfied all the inclusion criteria. Data were collated on study design and outcomes. The overall seroprevalence reported ranged from 17.4 to 90.3%, with 1998 (35%) of the 5746 horses, donkeys and mules having screened positive for WNV antibodies. Several articles determined that seroprevalence increased significantly with age. Due to co-circulation of other flaviviruses in Africa, in the majority of studies that screened samples by ELISA, positive results were confirmed using a more specific neutralization test. However, only eight studies tested against other flaviviruses, including Potiskum, Uganda S, Wesselsbron and yellow fever virus in one, Japanese encephalitis and Usutu virus (USUV) in one, tick-borne encephalitis and USUV in one and USUV only in three. Equids are regarded as useful sentinel animals for WNV, but variation in study design poses challenges when trying to determine risk factors for, and trends in, WNV seroprevalence.

La animalidad es un tema recurrente en la obra narrativa de Antonio Di Benedetto. En este artículo, me enfocaré en uno de sus más célebres relatos, “Caballo en el salitral” (1961). A partir de algunos conceptos de Jakob Von Uexküll (mundo circundante), Martin Heidegger (pobreza de mundo y perturbamiento) y Jacques Derrida (sobrevida), este trabajo propone una lectura de “Caballo en el salitral” que intenta exceder la reducción simbólica del relato a su significación humana. En contraste, conjetura una apuesta especulativa en torno a las nociones de organismo, animalidad, vida y muerte en las que convergen la imaginación literaria, filosófica y científica. Animality is a recurring subject in the narrative work of Antonio Di Benedetto. In this article, I focus on one of his most famous stories, “Caballo en el salitral” (1961). Based on some concepts of Jakob Von Uexküll (surrounding-world), Martin Heidegger (poverty of world and captivation) and Jacques Derrida (survival), this paper proposes a reading of “Caballo en el salitral” that attempts to exceed the symbolic reduction of the story to its human significance. By contrast, we conjecture a speculative commitment to the notions of organism, animality, life and death in which literary, philosophical and scientific imagination converge.

La fascioliasis es una enfermedad endémica en la región Andina y de importante afección a la salud humana y animal. Por ello, el presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el distrito de Cajamarca, Perú, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica en caballos criollos mayores a un año de edad. Entre octubre y noviembre, se recolectaron heces directamente del recto de 237 animales que no fueron dosificados con algún antiparasitario en los últimos tres meses, el procesamiento se realizó con la técnica de sedimentación rápida y la lectura inicial fue con estereomicroscopio en aumento de 3X. La comprobación se realizó en microscopio a 10X y 40X y se obtuvo una prevalencia total de 3,80 ± 2,4 % (9/237), según la presencia de huevos en el análisis coproparasitológico. Los resultados no son alarmantes, más consisten en el primer reporte de la infección por F. hepatica en equinos de la zona norandina de Perú y se recomienda un mayor estudio de la forma clínica en esta especie; también es de vital importancia la implementación de medidas para vigilar y monitorear el rol que desempeñan los caballos criollos en la reserva o diseminación de esta parasitosis zoonótica.

Background: The yeasts of the genus Malassezia are considered part of the normal skin microbiota in humans and animals. In horses, several species of the genus Malassezia have been reported in different areas of the skin and ear canal. Objective: Isolate, characterize and identify the different species belonging to the genus Malassezia isolated from the ear canal and skin of equine patients with no dermatological lesions that were referred to the large animal clinic of veterinary teaching hospital at the National University of Colombia. Methods: 22 horses were evaluated and sampled. Eighty-two samples were obtained by swabbing either the ear canals (left and right), skin areas of prepuce, mammary gland and inguinal region. The samples were examined by cytological evaluation and were cultured on modified Dixon’s agar and phenotypic and molecular identification were performed for yeast colonies. Results: Fourteen yeast isolates were obtained from the 82 samples. Biochemical identification determined that 50% (n=7) were Malassezia spp., 35.7% (n=5) were identified as Candida spp. and 14.3% (n=2) as Cryptococcus spp. Using molecular tests, the Malassezia species were M. slooffiae(28.6%) and M. nana (57.1%); only one isolate was classified as Trichosporo asahii. Conclusion: M. nana and M. slooffiae were identified as part of the normal ear canal and skin microbiota in the evaluated horses. The observed prevalence of Malassezia spp. was 18.2% (n=4/22) in this study sample.